Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 1

What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

Answer 1

Pregnancy tests and some cancer treatments

Monoclonal antibodies are specific antibodies produced for various medical applications.

Question 2

How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

Answer 2

Inject a lab animal with a specific antigen

This process stimulates the animal’s immune response to create antibodies against the antigen.

Question 3

What happens after injecting a lab animal to produce monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 3

The animal’s lymphocytes start creating antibodies

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.

Question 4

What is done with the lymphocytes to create monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 4

They are fused with myeloma cells

This fusion creates hybrid cells that can produce specific antibodies indefinitely.

Question 5

What is the role of mitosis in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 5

Cells divide by mitosis to create more hybridoma cells

Hybridoma cells are essential for producing large quantities of the desired antibodies.

Question 6

What does the non-specific defense system include?

Answer 6

Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes

These barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body.

Question 7

True or False: The last layer of skin is made of living cells.

Answer 7

False

The outer layer of skin consists of dead cells that act as a barrier.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the skin in the non-specific defense system?

Answer 8

To prevent pathogens from getting past

The skin serves as the first line of defense against infections.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies are produced from _______.

Answer 9

hybridoma cells

Hybridoma cells are formed by the fusion of lymphocytes and myeloma cells.

Question 10

What type of cells are created to produce monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 10

Hybridoma cells

These cells can proliferate and produce the specific antibody indefinitely.