Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards
"One Source Against" describes the natural protein (immunoglobulin) that can be engineered to bind to certain targets in the body and on cells, with a variety of purposes and effects. What class of chemotherapeutic agents is this characterizing? A) Antimetabolites B) Alkylating agents and platinums C) Microtubule inhibitors D) Monoclonal antibodies
D) Monoclonal antibodies
___ area area of antibody is variable while ____ area of antibody is constant.
A) Murine; Antigen binding (Fab)
B) Antigen binding (Fab); Biologic activity mediation (Fc)
C) Antigen binding (Fab); Murine
D) Murine; Biologic activity meditation (Fc)
B) Antigen binding (Fab); Biologic activity mediation (Fc)
What was made to resolve the initial design issues of human immune system making anti-murine antibodies, resulting in a faster clearance and diminished therapeutic effect?
A) Make more murine (0% human) antibodies from other animals
B) Begin to adjust the constant region of the antibodies
C) Create the recombinant production of chimeric antibodies with constant regions of human immunoglobulins with murine derived antigen binding portion of the molecule
D) Create the antigen variable region of human immunoglobulins with murine-derived constant regions of the molecule
C) Create the recombinant production of chimeric antibodies with constant regions of human immunoglobulins with murine derived antigen binding portion of the molecule
The goal is creating chimeric antibodies is to make a more humanized antibody to decrease the potential for immunogenicity. Each generation has different suffixes to show its distinction (i.e. chimera is -ximab). True or False?
True
What are the advantages to monoclonal antibodies? Select all that apply
A) Long half-lives
B) Extended penetration
C) Not substrates of efflux pumps (fewer DDIs)
D) Designed to bind to antigen with high affinity
A) Long half-lives
C) Not substrates of efflux pumps (fewer DDIs)
D) Designed to bind to antigen with high affinity
B) Limited penetration (periphery of tumor tissue) unless using smaller fragments
Match the type of antibody with its description:
i. Naked Monoclonal Antibodies
ii. Conjugated Monoclonal antibodies
iii. Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies
A) Two attached antibodies, one which attach the cancer cells and one which attaches T cells
B) Looks like an IgG without anything fancy (i.e. marker’s for body’s immune system, immune checkpoint inhibitors, block antigens that help cancer growth)
C) Cell gets internalized then the chemo/radiation is released directly to the cancer cell
i. Naked Monoclonal Antibodies (B)
ii. Conjugated Monoclonal antibodies (C)
iii. Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies (A)
____ bind antibody to complement component 1, which activates downstream cascade and MAC attack, while ____ uses antibodies to bring immune effector cells (NK, monocyte, macrophage, granulocyte).
A) Angiogenesis Inhibition; Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
B) Complement-dependent cytotoxicity; Radioimmunotherapy
C) Complement-dependent cytotoxicity; Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
D) Immune checkpoint inhibitor; antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
C) Complement-dependent cytotoxicity; Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Which of the following are examples of transmembrane signaling - generate or interrupts an intercellular signal to produce apoptosis? A) Radioimmunotherapy B) Bispecific antibody therapy C) Angiogenesis inhibition D) Immune checkpoint inhibitor
C) Angiogenesis inhibition (VEGF)
Inactivating or limiting T-cell through CTLA4 binding and inhibiting T-cell proliferation
& cytokine release by monitoring PD-1 and PD-L1 is done by which drugs?
A) Ipilimumab
B) Nivolumab
C) Pembrolizumab
D) Atezolizumab
A) Ipilimumab (CTLA4)
B) Nivolumab (PD1)
C) Pembrolizumab (PD1)
D) Atezolizumab (PD-L1)
What is the difference between bi-specific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies?
A) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates B cells
B) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates NK and T-cell
C) T-cells harvested and modified to express a tumor specific antibody
D) T-cells are attached to radioimmunotherapy and retransplanted into the body
E) B & C
B) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates NK and T-cell
C) T-cells harvested and modified to express a tumor specific antibody
E) B & C
What is the difference between bi-specific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies?
A) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates B cells
B) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates NK and T-cell
C) T-cells harvested and modified to express a tumor specific antibody
D) T-cells are attached to radioimmunotherapy and retransplanted into the body
E) B & C
B) One arm binds to tumor antigen and other arm activates NK and T-cell
C) T-cells harvested and modified to express a tumor specific antibody
E) B & C
What are some of the immediate toxicities that come with mAbs? A) Infection B) Systemic inflammatory response C) Local injection site reaction D) Cardiotoxicity
B) Systemic inflammatory response (CRS, Infusion reaction, IgE-mediated anaphylactic)
C) Local injection site reaction (erythema, pyrexia, influenza like syndrome)
Corrected Wrong Answers:
A) Infection (Delayed - immune deficiency)
D) Cardiotoxicity (Delayed)
+Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, HTN, thyroid/lung/skin inflammation and toxicity
Trastuzumab is an example of what kind of monoclonal antibody?
A) antibodies can be attached to chemotherapeutic agents to deliver chemo directly to malignant cells
B) antibodies can target cell-type specific markers and attack those malignant cells
C) antibodies can be bound to radiation, to deliver radiation to a target
D) antibodies can target overexpressed proteins driving cancer growth
D) antibodies can target overexpressed proteins driving cancer growth
median survival increased during 1990-2010 from 20 to 31 months
What is the drug target for Trastuzumab? A) CTLA4 B) CD38 C) HER-2/neu D) CD20
C) HER-2/neu - transmembrane tyrosine kinase of EGFR family (HER2+ breast cancer)
EGFR responsible for growth division and proliferation of cells (normal and cancer) by 1) affecting signal cascade and 2) recruiting cytotoxic cells (NK cells)
What is the most significant toxicity related to Trastuzumab? A) Cardiotoxicity B) Infusion reaction C) Diarrhea D) Severe infection
A) Cardiotoxicity