Monkeys deck for getting an A star Flashcards

Question

IP

Answer 1

Internet Protocol

Answer 2

1. Application Layer - Specify what is being sent i.e Pop3 , HTTPS etc 2. Transport Layer - Uses TCP to establish End-to-End connection. Splits data into Packets and labels packet with number 3. Internet Layer - Adds source and destination IP address and IP port number (socket address). Router uses IP address to forward packet. Socket specifies device being sent to. 4. Network Access/Link Layer - Physical Connection between network devices. Adds MAC address so packets can arrive at destination properly.

Answer 3

Abstraction - The process of removing excessive details to arrive at a representation of a problems that consist of only the key features. -Hides complex information , prevents program from getting too large

Answer 4

Process of storing instruction or values in cache memory after they have been used. Prefetching algorithms predict which instruction is likely to be fetched soon. -Less time waiting -difficult to implement -accuracy of prefetched algorithm as information is predicted

Answer 5

-Breaks down into smaller parts which are easier to understand - First stage - Break down into component parts. Decompose the problem into sub problems. Becomes more feasible to manage and divided between a group of people. - Commonly used in top down design.

Answer 6

A subroutine which returns a value

Answer 7

A subroutine which does not return a value

Answer 8

1. Feasibility 2. Requirments 3. Analysis and Design 4. Implementation (Code) 5. Testing 6. Evaluation 7. Maintaincance

Answer 9

Goes from one section to another allowing changes along the way each time. Very simple and fast allowing constant changes back. Well defined start and end. Client can only see product near end. - Simple - Clear stages - Easy to keep to schedule - Suitable for large products - Carries risk

Answer 10

Goes through cycle similar to waterfall but instead can only revert at the evaluation stage and go back to development, if its good it goes to maintenance. Great for rapidly developing software. Client needed at every stage. - Continuous feedback from client - Not good for large projects

Answer 11

A spiral chain with 4 areas being identifying, deigning , construction and evaluation. Spiral starts in the middle with fundamentals and spirals outwards through more depth. Takes longer, More accurate, Thorough, less risk and reliable. - Good for large scale projects - High costs - High skills needed

Answer 12

Mid sized teams producing very high quality code and software. Its about precision and worker Woking together to make high quality code. - High quality code - Requires programmers to work closely and check over the code

Answer 13

Make sure that the inputs and outputs produce expected result. Testing team

Answer 14

Testing the algorithm of the code to make sure it all works as should. Quality check

Answer 15

Early stages of development, usually by employees, small scale. Employee feedback

Answer 16

Beta Testing done during the end of development. is done commercially as software is almost ready

Answer 17

Reduced Instruction Set Computer - Simple instructions such as LOAD/STORE - Takes more cycles for complex tasks - Less heat - Emphasis on software - Larger Code Sizes - Smaller and cheap

Answer 18

- Shared memory space for instruction and data - instructions and data stored in the same format - a single control unit - one instruction at a time - fast access to instructions and data - 1 data bus going back and forth with main memory and CPU

Answer 19

- Instructions and data stored in separate memory - Each has its own bus - reading and writing can be done at the same time as fetching - used by RISC Processors and embedded systems

Answer 20

BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEMS - Responsible for loading OS - First checks all hardware is connected and working using the power-on-self-check (POST). - BOOT loader or BOOTSTRAP load the OS is kernel memory allowing OS to take over - Initial start-up stored in ROM - BIOS Settings stored in Flash Memory

Answer 21

- Technology is taking low skilled jobs, this impacts the customer, emplyees,company and communities (Other business/local area - Automated Decision Making, Computer making decisions on rules and parameters with no human involvement. - AI (Artificial Intelligence), Applied/Weak/Narrow AI = Designed to manage specific task , most common AI. generalised Ai = Can evolve to handle other tasks through machine learning -Machine Learning - A machine learning without instructions Robot - A machine that carries out work following instructions - Ethics with AI , Accountability, Safety Legal liability for loss of life, algorithm bias/priorities certain outputs. - Environmental impacts - 2% of global energy is in data storage. Computers contain toxins like Cadmium, Mercury and Aluminium and if disposed wrong can affect local communities , especially in poorer countries. -Censorship, ISP in UK block access to extreme politics, Extreme adult content and copyright infringement. Passive monitoring is CCTV and forced tracking is police or work based tracking employees or criminals. Data collection is when a computer collects personal information on the user through search history , web browsing , chats , shopping etc. Software Piracy - User illegally accessing paid services for free. The company can protect their content through copyright , trademark and licensing. - Computer Misuse Act - Unauthorised access to computer material , intent to commit offense - Data Protection Act - Use data fairly, lawfully, transparency, specific and accurate. must not be kept for longer than necessary.

Answer 22

-Logical Decisions - identifying points in a solution where a decision needs to be made. - Determine the logical conditions that affect the outcome of a decision - Determine how decisions can affect the flow of program - Determine conditions like IF statements.

Answer 23

Its gives each process an equal set amount of time to complete and if it fails to complete in the time window it is set to the back of the queue

Answer 24

The first process to request the services of the CPU is served , all processers are queued up in the order they arrive. This is bad performance for a PC

Answer 25

Algorithm Prioritises the shortest and fastest jobs first.

Answer 26

Algorithm will prioritise the job with the shortest processing time remaining. This multitasking algorithm is fairly efficient at finishing as many jobs as possible

Answer 27

- Algorithm makes use of a range of queues, with each queue given a different priority. ensures the CPU works as efficiently as it can.

Answer 28

Main memory divided into fixed size blocks called page frames and programs are divided into blocks (4kb) sizes called pages. pages are swapped between secondary storage and the page frames as necessary. - Pages are physical divisions of memory - pages are small

Answer 29

- Segmentation is when main memory is divided into variable size blocks called segments where each segment corresponds to a program routine - Splits program logically - Segments logically divided - no physical split - variable size

Answer 30

Enable OS to control and communicate with devices

Answer 31

- Embedded - Washing machine - Real time - Heart rate monitor - Multiuser - super computer server - Multitasking - Desktop PC

Answer 32

Arithmetic Logic Unit | deals with basic arithmetic such as binary addition or subtraction

Answer 33

Control Unit -Coordinates the various units inside the processor using control signals. instructions are decoded in the control unit during fetch decode execute

Answer 34

Program Counter | Contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Answer 35

Memory address register, Contains the address of the memory location in use

Answer 36

Memory Data Register, Contains instructions/data to be executed

Answer 37

Current instruction Register , Holds the instruction whilst its decoded

Answer 38

Accumulator, Stores the results of calculations by ALU

Answer 39

Pipelining improves the performance of the CPU, whilst the processor is decoding an instruction, the next instruction can be fetched from memory

Answer 40

Cores - Each core operates independently each having there own FDE cycles and tasks Clock Speed - How many FDE cycles per second the CPU can perform i.e. 3.4GHz 3.4 Billion cycles per sec Cache Memory - Faster than RAM, close to registers, expensive, used for frequently used tasks like parts of OS - Temperature - Bus width - Register size

Answer 41

Data transmitted between CPU and memory. Can travel either direction 1 at a time

Answer 42

Data is saved/loaded from memory. it travels along address bus. the CPU only ever sends out address bus , not receive it

Answer 43

When the control unit sends and receives signals, they travel along the control bus

Answer 44

Translate all the source code at the same time and create executable files Only needed once to create executable file Returns a list of errors Can take long

Answer 45

Translate and runs source code, does one instruction at a time and doesn't create an executable file Needed every time you want to run a program Slow as code is being translated

Answer 46

Uses low level source code to translate assembly language into machine code Each assembly code is equal to one machine code instruction. Each program has a different assembler

Answer 47

Keeps running all of the time. Server farms Better Performance/Handles lots of traffic/Less lag Better Security. If the server goes down , the whole game shuts off

Answer 48

Halfway between dedicated client server and peer to peer. Host acts as temporary server. Free Dependent on hosts internet. If host leaves , host migration goes to another player.

Answer 49

Cheaper Slows down the more users trying to get in If one goes down , others still stay up Data is sent as raw streams/ Player count limited More users = more slow server Limited amount No need for pc in charge on network/all equal Simpler and lower cost

Answer 50

One pc acts as network controller Network access centrally controlled More complex.

Answer 51

Transforms digital information from your computer into analogue signal that can be transmitted through wires Two ports - one that connects to outside world - An ethernet port for router or computer

Answer 52

Mainly responsible for routing data - between devices on small home network - between devices on a network and internet

Answer 53

Twisted pair - cable made up of pair of insultated copper wires. more affordable and provide low bandwidht Coaxile -

Answer 54

Twisted pair - cable made up of pair of insulated copper wires. more affordable and provide low bandwidth Coaxial - Moderate bandwidth , more expensive than twisted but cheaper than fibre optic - good for radio transmissions Fibre Optic - High Bandwidth and most expensive. for long distance data transfer

Answer 55

Allows a computer to connect to a network

Answer 56

Device that creates a wireless local area network (WLAN)

Answer 57

Allows you to connect multiple devices to one network on a physical layer . much slower than a switch for data transfer

Answer 58

Allows you to connect multiple devices to one network on a data link layer. much faster than a hub at data transfer

Answer 59

when main memory is running low it can use virtual memory within the hard disk to run other tasks - much slower

Answer 60

``` 1 = negative 0 = Postive ``` e.g 10000101 = -5 0000101 = 5

Answer 61

Most significant bit is negative e.g ``` 00010001 = 17 1110111 = -17 ``` for positive number start with 0 , for negative number start with 1

Answer 62

All positive normalised floating point numbers start with 01 | All negative normalised floating point numbers start with 10