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ANTH 311 > MONKEYS > Flashcards

MONKEYS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the old classifications for all primates

A

Prosimians (lemur, lorises, tarsiers) & Anthropoids (new world, old world, apes)

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2
Q

What primate are lesser apes

A

Gibbons, siamang

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3
Q

What primates are great apes and what is the new view

A

Orangutang, Gorillas, Humans, Bonobos, Chimpanzees

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4
Q

How many pre-molars do old world monkeys have

A

2

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5
Q

What is the new classification for all primates

A

Strepsirrhines (lemurs and lorises)
Haplorhine (tarsiers, new world, old world, apes)

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6
Q

What is the main feature of haplorhines

A

dry nose

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7
Q

what is the main feature of strepsirhine

A

moist nose, produce vitamin c

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8
Q

What do lorises eat

A

fruit, insects, gum

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9
Q

What do lemurs eat

A

frugivores

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10
Q

What do tarsiers eat

A

insects and small vertebrates

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11
Q

What are platyrrhine

A

new world monkeys

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12
Q

Derived/specialized/convergent/homoplasy

A

traits aquired after

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13
Q

What is polyandry

A

one female multiple males

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14
Q

Which primates are monogamous

A

owl monkey and titi monkey, indri

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15
Q

What are catarrhine

A

old world monkey cercopithecines and Hominoidea (apes)

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16
Q

Characteristics of primates in general

A

manual dexterity, vision, dentition, big brains, social, long life spans, finger prints, orbital bone enclosed

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17
Q

What is the proper name for bonobos

A

pan paniscus

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18
Q

what is the proper name for chimpanzees

A

pan troglodyte

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19
Q

What is the proper name for Orangutan

A

pongo pygmaeus

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20
Q

What is altruism

A

an unselfish act to benefit others at ones own risk

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21
Q

Conditions for natural selection

A

competition, reproduction, inheritance, variation

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22
Q

What are examples of indirect fitness

A

altruism, kin selection

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23
Q

what is kin selection

A

any impact of survival an individual has on its relatives

24
Q

Population bottle neck

A

reduced population due to environment

25
Q

founder effect

A

founding of a new population by non-representative sample (small portion of population create new population)

26
Q

What is pleiotropy

A

one gene affecting several phenotypic traits

27
Q

Lamaracks theory

A

acquired characteristics (WRONG)

28
Q

What are Tinbergens 4 questions

A

adaptive value, evolutionary history, causation, development

29
Q

Intersexual selection

A

choice of mate

30
Q

Which apes come from asia

A

Gibbons and orangutan

31
Q

What are apes’ diets

A

ripe fruit, insects, meat

32
Q

Which gender is philopatric in chimps

A

male

33
Q

What is the social organization of chimps and Bonobos

A

fission-fusion

34
Q

What is Cathemeral

A

distributed activity thorught 24 hour period

35
Q

What sleep patterns do humans follow

A

monophasic, diurnal

36
Q

What are elements of circadian rhythm

A

DNA repair, body temp, endocrine system, digestion, light

37
Q

What is the smallest primate in the world

A

mouse lemur

38
Q

What is the ring tailed lemurs sleeping pattern

A

cathemeral

39
Q

What is the social system of gelada

A

multi-tiered, one male reproductive units

40
Q

What is younger ascendancy and which primates have this

A

younger daughters have higher rank/reproductive value, Baboons

41
Q

What are three benefits to living in a group

A

dilution effect, vigilance, and active defense

42
Q

What is the difference between predation risk and rate

A

risk = encounters, rate = deaths

43
Q

Which gender forms coalitions more often in bonobos

A

females

44
Q

Which primates are female philopatric

A

macaques, baboons, ring tailed lemur, old world monkeys, geladas, (All but chimps)

45
Q

What is the socio-ecological model

A

ecology determines group size, competition and cohesion which has an effect on mating and social structure

46
Q

What are optimal group sizes for blue monkey, ring tailed lemur, and geladas

A

40, 20, 8

47
Q

What is the ecological constraint model

A

bigger groups = longer day range (travel further)

48
Q

What effects do organizational hormones have

A

during development/birth, structural changes, irreversible (organizational)

49
Q

what effects do activational hormones have

A

temporary, mature, act in body and brain (short term)

50
Q

What is prenatal androgen exposure and its effects

A

ring finger longer than the middle due to testosterone, higher aggression

51
Q

What is a summary of the baboon study

A

lower ranking animals have more stress hormones aside from alpha males

52
Q

What is a summary of the challenge hypothesis

A

testosterone rises in peri-ovulatory period of parous females (have children)

53
Q

What is a summary of the imbalance of power hypothesis

A

ecology -> fission-fusion -> imbalance of power -> low-cost aggression -> increased access to food

54
Q

Charnov model

A

energy for growth or reproduction trade-off, larger mother = better, extrinsic mortality

55
Q

Ecological risk hypothesis

A

competition is harder for juveniles (forging, starvation, predation)

56
Q

need to learn hypothesis

A

juvenile females watch and learn, males play

57
Q

Do gorillas have strong female-male bonds

A

yes

ANTH 311 (1 decks)

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