MONKEYS Flashcards
What are the old classifications for all primates
Prosimians (lemur, lorises, tarsiers) & Anthropoids (new world, old world, apes)
What primate are lesser apes
Gibbons, siamang
What primates are great apes and what is the new view
Orangutang, Gorillas, Humans, Bonobos, Chimpanzees
How many pre-molars do old world monkeys have
2
What is the new classification for all primates
Strepsirrhines (lemurs and lorises)
Haplorhine (tarsiers, new world, old world, apes)
What is the main feature of haplorhines
dry nose
what is the main feature of strepsirhine
moist nose, produce vitamin c
What do lorises eat
fruit, insects, gum
What do lemurs eat
frugivores
What do tarsiers eat
insects and small vertebrates
What are platyrrhine
new world monkeys
Derived/specialized/convergent/homoplasy
traits aquired after
What is polyandry
one female multiple males
Which primates are monogamous
owl monkey and titi monkey, indri
Characteristics of primates in general
manual dexterity, vision, dentition, big brains, social, long life spans, finger prints, orbital bone enclosed
What is the proper name for bonobos
pan paniscus
what is the proper name for chimpanzees
pan troglodyte
What is the proper name for Orangutan
pongo pygmaeus
What is altruism
an unselfish act to benefit others at ones own risk
Conditions for natural selection
competition, reproduction, inheritance, variation
What are examples of indirect fitness
altruism, kin selection
what is kin selection
any impact of survival an individual has on its relatives
Population bottle neck
reduced population due to environment
founder effect
founding of a new population by non-representative sample (small portion of population create new population)
What is pleiotropy
one gene affecting several phenotypic traits
Lamaracks theory
acquired characteristics (WRONG)
What are Tinbergens 4 questions
adaptive value, evolutionary history, causation, development
Intersexual selection
choice of mate
Which apes come from asia
Gibbons and orangutan
What are apes’ diets
ripe fruit, insects, meat
Which gender is philopatric in chimps
male
What is the social organization of chimps and Bonobos
fission-fusion
What is Cathemeral
distributed activity thorught 24 hour period
What sleep patterns do humans follow
monophasic, diurnal
What are elements of circadian rhythm
DNA repair, body temp, endocrine system, digestion, light
What is the smallest primate in the world
mouse lemur
What is the ring tailed lemurs sleeping pattern
cathemeral
What is the social system of gelada
multi-tiered, one male reproductive units
What is younger ascendancy and which primates have this
younger daughters have higher rank/reproductive value, Baboons
What are three benefits to living in a group
dilution effect, vigilance, and active defense
What is the difference between predation risk and rate
risk = encounters, rate = deaths
Which gender forms coalitions more often in bonobos
females
Which primates are female philopatric
macaques, baboons, ring tailed lemur, old world monkeys, geladas, (All but chimps)
What is the socio-ecological model
ecology determines group size, competition and cohesion which has an effect on mating and social structure
What are optimal group sizes for blue monkey, ring tailed lemur, and geladas
40, 20, 8
What is the ecological constraint model
bigger groups = longer day range (travel further)
What effects do organizational hormones have
during development/birth, structural changes, irreversible (organizational)
what effects do activational hormones have
temporary, mature, act in body and brain (short term)
What is prenatal androgen exposure and its effects
ring finger longer than the middle due to testosterone, higher aggression
What is a summary of the baboon study
lower ranking animals have more stress hormones aside from alpha males
What is a summary of the challenge hypothesis
testosterone rises in peri-ovulatory period of parous females (have children)
What is a summary of the imbalance of power hypothesis
ecology -> fission-fusion -> imbalance of power -> low-cost aggression -> increased access to food
Charnov model
energy for growth or reproduction trade-off, larger mother = better, extrinsic mortality
Ecological risk hypothesis
competition is harder for juveniles (forging, starvation, predation)
need to learn hypothesis
juvenile females watch and learn, males play
Do gorillas have strong female-male bonds
yes
