Monitoring the Anesthetized Patient Flashcards
What is anesthesia?
The art of lovingly, carefully, and reversibly poisoning your patient into a controlled coma
What does monitor mean?
“to warn”
Anesthetic depth too light - what are you signs?
- Arousal
- Awareness
- Movement
- Pain
Anesthetic depth too deep - what are the consequences?
Dependent on dose, can cause cardiovascular and respiratory depression
Which 3 systems do we monitor?
- Oxygenation
- Circulation
- Ventilation
When would the eye be centered in an anesthetized patient?
- Light anesthetic plane
- Deep anesthetic plane
- With the use of dissociative anesthetics (ketamine)
If the eye is centered, what can you do to check the depth of anesthesia?
Palpebral reflex
What two eye features tell you a HORSE is in a light plane of anesthesia?
- Nystagmus
2. Tearing
In which species will the globe NOT rotate, regardless of the plane of anesthesia?
Sheep, goats, and camelids
Which species has a palpebral reflex at the surgical plane of anesthesia?
Horses
Which reflex is always present and should never be used in a patient believed to be alive?
Corneal
What is the least reliable modality for checking anesthetic depth?
Jaw tone - subjective
The use of which anesthetics makes jaw tone an even less reliable modality for checking anesthetic depth?
Dissociative anesthetics (ketamine)
What color is associated with Isoflurane?
Purple
What color is associated with Sevoflurane?
Yellow
What color is associated with Halothane?
Red
What is the Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)?
The concentration of inhalant in the lungs needed to prevent movement in 50% of animals in response to noxious or surgical stimuli.
____ is used to compare the strengths, or potency, of inhalant anesthetics.
MAC
MAC for isoflurane in a DOG?
1.28%
MAC for isoflurane in a CAT?
1.63%
MAC for isoflurane in a HORSE?
1.3%
MAC for sevoflurane in a DOG?
2.3%
MAC for sevoflurane in a CAT?
2.6%
MAC reflects a ____ not an ____.
MAC reflects a POPULATION not an INDIVIDUAL.
The concentration of inhalant gas expired at the end of expiration is known as the what?
End-tidal inhalant concentration (Et-inhalant)
The Et-inhalant (iso) gas concentration reflects the ____ concentration.
The Et-inhalant (iso) gas concentration reflects the BRAIN concentration.
What is the normal EtCO2 in an awake patient?
40 mmHg
What is the EtCO2 in an anesthetized patient?
55 - 57 mmHg
What is the equation for DO2?
CO x CaO2
What is the equation for CO?
HR x SV
What is the equation for CaO2?
HbO2 (oxygen bound to hemoglobin) + PaO2 (arterial oxygen partial pressure)
What does “DO2” stand for?
Delivery of oxygen to the tissues
With ECG, there is an audible beep with each ___ wave.
R wave
Describe the esophageal ECG: Where is the RA lead place? Where is the LA lead placed? Where is the LL lead placed?
RA - placed on esophageal probe
LA - on ear or neck
LL - placed on esophageal probe
Is the use of a doppler an indirect or direct measurement of blood pressure?
Indirect
Which of the following does a doppler measure: SAP, DAP, or both?
SAP only (systolic arterial pressure)
Which of the following does a direct form of blood pressure measure: SAP, DAP, MAP?
SAP, DAP, & MAP
