Monitoring EBS for Performance and Availability

Question 1

EBS performance measure

Answer 1

IOPS(IO operations per second)

Question 2

IOPS-SSDs

Answer 2

measured in 256 KiB
deliver constant performance for both random and sequential IO operations
4,000 IOPS can transfer 4000 256KIB chunks per second
5 IO operations at 54KiB will count as 5 operations

Question 3

IOPS–HDDs

Answer 3

measured in 1024KiB
have optimal performance with large and sequential IO operations
8 sequential 128KiB operations will count as 1 operation
8 random 128KiB operations will count as 8 operations.

Question 4

SSD-backed volumes

Answer 4

io1 and gp2

Question 5

GP2 – General Purpose(default)

Answer 5

• -baseline performance of 3 IOPS per GB up to 10000 IOPS
• • Minimum of 100 IOPS
• • The larger the volume, the more IOPS
• • Can burst up to 3000 IOPS if the size is under 1 TB
• • up to 160 MiB/s of throughput

Question 6

General Purpose SSD Credits

Answer 6

• • credits represent how much available bandwidth a volume can use to burst IO operations.
• • Volumes start out with their maximum amount of 5.4 million I/O credits.

Question 7

io1 – Provisioned IOPS

Answer 7

• • ideal for IOPS-intensive and throughput intensive workloads(like databases);
• • Baseline performance of 30 IOPS per GB up to 20,000 IOPS
• • Does not use credits to burst above baseline performance, instead it gives a consistent IOPS rate
• • Delivers within 10 percent of provisioned IOPS performance 99.9 percent of the time in a given year.
• -up to 320 MiB/s of throughput

Question 8

HDD-backed volumes

Answer 8

Throughput Optimized HDD(st1);
Cold HDD(sc1)
– Can sometimes provide more thoufhput(MB/s) but drastically less IOPs

Question 9

Throughput Optimized HDD(st1)

Answer 9

Ideal for frequently accessed and throughput intensive workloads.

Question 10

Cold HDD(sc1)

Answer 10

• • less frequently accessed workloads

- - lowest cost HDD volume

Question 11

Pre-warning/initialization

Answer 11

• -is no longer needed for new EBS volumes
• -EBS volumes get maximum performance right away
• -Storage blocks on volumes restored from snapshots do need to be initialized.
• • initialization can be accomplished by reading from all blocks on a volume with dd or fio utilities

– sudo dd if=/dev/xvdf of=/dev/null bs=1M

Question 12

EBS Monitoring – Get MetricStatistics

Answer 12

• • VolumeReadBytes
• • VolumeWriteBytes
• -VolumeReadOps
• • VolumeWriteOps
• • VolumeTotalReadTime
• -VolumeTotalWriteTime
• -VolumeQueueLength

Question 13

Provisioned IOPS Metrics

Answer 13

VolumeThroughputPercentage

VolumeConsumeReadWriteOps

Question 14

EBS status Checks

Answer 14

• • run every 5 minutes
  • • OK, impaired, insufficient-data
• • when finds that data might be inconsistent on a volume it disable IO to that volume by default.
  • • help prevent data corruption
  • • cause status to be impaired which can alert you.