Monitoring

Question 1

Basic Physical Monitoring

Answer 1

• Muscle tone and reflexes
• MM
• HR
• RR
• Pulses

Question 2

SPO2

Answer 2

• 95 to 100%
• Measures % of haemoglobin saturated with O2
• Can detect hypoxaemia before cyanotic signs
• Can be effected by pigmented skin, fur, jaundice, shock and hypothermia

Question 3

NIBP Dog

Answer 3

• Systolic = 110-160 mmHg
• Diastolic = 55 - 110 mmHg
• Mean = >80 mmHg

Question 4

NIBP Cat

Answer 4

• Systolic = 120-170 mmHg
• Diastolic = 70 - 120 mmHg
• Mean = >80 mmHg

Question 5

Capnography

Answer 5

• Measurement of CO2 in exhaled air
• If increase in CO2 it will stimulate the respiratory centre to increase RR and volume
• If decrease in CO2 it will stimulate the respiratory centre to decrease RR and volume

Question 6

Capnography Normal Ranges

Answer 6

• Normal CO2: 35 to 45 mmHg

- Normal ETCO2 under GA: 45 to 50 mmHg

Question 7

Mainstream Capnography

Answer 7

• Analyser is directly attached to the ET tube and the sensor is part of the anaesthetic circuit

Question 8

Sidestream Capnography

Answer 8

• The analyser is away from the patient, a long narrow tube connects to the ET tube. A pump collects a small amount of the patients respiratory gases, the gases flow across the analyser

Question 9

ECG - Electrocardiography

Answer 9

• Records the electrical activity produced by the heart muscle
• Does not supply mechanical information
• White over right, smoke (black) above fire (red)

Question 10

Temperature

Answer 10

• Patients unable to thermoregulate under GA

- Use heating methods pre, peri and post GA