Monasteries

Question 0

What was extraordinary expenditure?

Answer 0

Money spent on less routine things like war and building defences.

Question 1

What was ordinary expenditure?

Answer 1

Money spent on the routine costs of government.

Question 2

What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus and when was it written?

Answer 2

Where Cromwell made a full valuation of church land, valuing it at £136000 which would nearly double the value of the crown. Written in 1535.

Question 3

How much of the landed wealth in England and Wales did monasteries own?

Answer 3

One third.

Question 4

What did Henry need to do after being excommunicated ?

Answer 4

Build defences to prevent invasion by crusade from Charles V or Francis I.

Question 5

What was the Act for First Fruits and Tenths and when was it written?

Answer 5

This was where Henry received he £4000 previously paid to Rome from the revenue from Bishoprics and forced the clergy to pay one tenth of their income to the crown. Written in 1534.

Question 6

What were visitations?

Answer 6

Where Cromwell’s commissioners visited monasteries to assess their levels of corruption.

Question 7

What examples of corruption did commissioners find?

Answer 7

Breaking chastity and homosexuality - 1 confession for every 30 monasteries.

Question 8

What were monks and nuns who left religious life after their monasteries closed not allowed to do?

Answer 8

Break their vow of celibacy.

Question 9

What did Elton argue?

Answer 9

By the 16th century lay people had no respect for the monks because of their perceived behaviour and disrespect for their vows.

Question 10

Why did some monks oppose the royal supremecy and what were they called?

Answer 10

They had loyalty to the pope in Rome and were called Carthusians.

Question 11

What does ‘England as Empire’ mean?

Answer 11

Henry wanted England to be free of all foreign interference eg the pope in Rome .

Question 12

What was the political nation?

Answer 12

The nobility and gentry.

Question 13

Why did Henry beed to keep the political nation on side?

Answer 13

Some Yorkists still had good claims to the throne and he lacked the money to afford extensive patronage to the nobility.

Question 14

Why would nobles find the dissolution attractive?

Answer 14

They would gain land and wealth from it.

Question 15

What did the first act of the dissolution if the monasteries entail and when was it written?

Answer 15

All houses under £200 per year closed , heads if houses were offered pensions in return for retirement and Henry could exempt any houses (which he did - 67 of the 300) written in 1536.

Question 16

What was voluntary surrender?

Answer 16

Where monasteries surrenders themselves to the king. Annoys we’re offers pensions as incentives and it was mostly forced on houses by pressure from commissioners.

Question 17

What did the second act of dissolution of the monasteries do?

Answer 17

Legalised the voluntary surrenders that had already happened.

Question 18

What did Scarasbrick think?

Answer 18

Nobody wanted an entire dissolution.

Question 19

What was the Comperta of 1536?

Answer 19

Catalogued abuses deliberately set out to ruin the reputation of the smaller monasteries.

Question 20

Between which dates were he monasteries dissolved?

Answer 20

1536-1540

Question 21

Which famous humanist scholar was critical of monks and monasteries?

Answer 21

Erasmus.

Question 22

What did Henry do to ensure the first act for the dissolution was passed?

Answer 22

He went to the House of Commons on person.

Question 23

After the first act was passed why did 80 smaller houses pay money to Henry and Cromwell?

Answer 23

Bribes to be exempted from the operation of the act.

Question 24

Name two good works that Henry promised to spend money on but didn’t

Answer 24

Alms houses and the building of roads.

Question 25

What did the law of 1536 say Henry had to do with some of the money and did he do it?

Answer 25

He had to use the money to build schools and hospitals and for alms giving but this didn’t happen as he kept the money for use in war.

Question 26

What was the court of augmentations ?

Answer 26

Created by Cromwell in 1536 to deal with the growth of the kings revenue due to the terra safer of monastic property to the crown.

Question 27

Was the dissolution planned?

Answer 27

No because Cromwell didn’t have time to put together evidence for closing the monasteries and the preamble for he act for dissolution describes the greater monasteries as honourable which suggests the initial to bought was for reform only.

Question 28

How did Henry use the power of the crown to stop resistance to the dissolution?

Answer 28

He used judicial murder to take possession of he larger houses.

Question 29

Which abbots were executed for treason?

Answer 29

The abbots of Colchester, reading and Glastonbury.

Question 30

What did ordinary people gain form the dissolution?

Answer 30

They stole roofing and other building materials from the monasteries which they would otherwise not have had.

Question 31

Why did the dissolution have minimal effect on the lives of the religious communities and local people?

Answer 31

4 abbeys became churches and others were made into parish churches. Over 80%of monks found paid employment and they lived on pensions provided by the dissolution.

Question 32

What was Cromwell made into?

Answer 32

Vicegerent - deputy head of the church in England .

Question 33

What were justices if the peace?

Answer 33

Members of the gentry appointed by and loyal to Henry to be responsible for the justice system in the localities.

Question 34

Who were abbots in the House of Lords replaced by?

Answer 34

Bishops who Henry picked.

Question 35

How did Henry squander the financial assets of he crown?

Answer 35

He sold the lands instead of keeping them for long term revenue and used he money in war in the 1940’s.

Question 36

Why did Cromwell want Henry to keep the revenue from the dissolution?

Answer 36

To strengthen the independence of he crown in relation to parliament .

Question 37

How much of the wealth fro monastic lands did Edward VI inherit?

Answer 37

Half.

Question 38

Why was the land owning class increased and what did this lead to?

Answer 38

By merchants and younger sons of landowners buying monastic land .this lead to the rise of the gentry.