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Invertebrate zoology > Mollusca > Flashcards

Mollusca Flashcards

1
Q

What is the literal meaning of molluscs

(molluscs is a latin word)

A

Soft fungus or small nut.

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2
Q

What is the text book molluscs?

A

“Hypothetical Ancestral Mollusc”

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3
Q

How are molluscs differentiated?

A

Using a Common Basic Body Plan

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4
Q

What is the body plan of Molluscs?

(Think of a snail)

A

A viseral mass, Mantle, Mantle cavity, Shell, Radula, and Head-foot portion

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5
Q

What is the most active part of a mollusc? Why?

(Think of a snail)

A

The head-food region as it accounts for the feeding, locomotion and have cephalic sensory.

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6
Q

Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory and reproductive organs are present in?

A

Viseral mass

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7
Q

A sheath of skin extended from the viseral mass and hangs on both sides of the body.

A

Mantle.

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8
Q

This structure exists between the Mantle and Viseral Mass.

A

The Mantle Cavity.

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9
Q

This structure houses gills and lungs that developed from the mantle.

A

Mantle Cavity.

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10
Q

A fluid filled structure that is continuously washed by the water outside the mollusc.

A

The Mantle

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11
Q

What kind of action does the mollusc head-foot portion depend on for its function?

A

Muscular action

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12
Q

What does the viseral mass depend on for its functions?

A

Cilitary tract

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13
Q

This structure is a rasping protrusible, tongu-like organ found near the mouth.

A

Radula

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14
Q

In what mollusc is Radula not present in?

(Lab and s)

A

Bivalve and Solengasters

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15
Q

Describe the Radula.

A
  • Ribbon like memberane mounted on rows of tiny teeth that point backwards.
  • Odontophoes move the radula in and out of the mouth.
  • The ribbon-like memrane is partly rotated over the tips of the cartilage or odontophore.
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16
Q

Describe the function of foot in the typical mollusc and a bivalve.

A
  • Molluscs leave a trail of slime and it glides along it with waves of ciliary movement or muscular contraction.
  • In bivalves the foot is used for rooting into sad or mud
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17
Q

Which structure secrets the shell?

A

The mantle

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the shell?

A

To protect from predators and supports the soft body.

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19
Q

How does the shell get its calcium?

A
  • Food
  • environmental water
  • Soil
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20
Q

At what period of the mollusc life cycle does the shell first appear?

A

The larval period.

(which grows continuously through life i.e., the shell).

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21
Q

Name the shell layers

A
  • Organic outer layer
  • Calcareous middle layer
  • Smooth inner layer.
22
Q

What type of germ layer is present in the molluscs.

A

Triploblastic

23
Q

What structures are involved in Gaseous exchange?

(4 structures)

A
  1. ctenidia (primary gill)
  2. Secondary gill
  3. Lung
  4. Mantle (Body surface area)
24
Q

True or False. coelom is in most molluscs are highly reduced and limited by area around. What areas limited the coelom?

A
  1. Gonads
  2. Heart
  3. Parts of the kidney
  4. Intestine
25
Q

What is the name of the pigments found in the blood of mollusc

(Starts with R)

A

Respiratory pigments.

26
Q

What type of circulatory system does molluscs have?

A

Open circulatory system.

27
Q

What. isthe flow of the circulatory system of molluscs?

A

Flows throught the vessel and enters the open sinuses in other parts of the body.

28
Q

How does the blood flow in the circulatory system?

A

Blood moves to and from the tissues within the blood vessels.

29
Q

What is the disadvantage of an open circulatory system and why is it best fo rmolluscs

A
  • It is not efficient in supply O2 to all the tissues in the body and so it is common in slow moving organisms.
30
Q

What organmis have a closed circulatory system?

(Cep + airpods)

A

cephalopods: squid, octopus, cuttlefish.

31
Q

The digestive tract is equiped with..

A

extensive ciliary tract

32
Q

Where does the anus empties into

A

The mantle cavity.

33
Q

Monoplacophora

A

Limpets

34
Q

cephalopods

A

squid, octopus

35
Q

Bivalvia

A

Clams and mussels

36
Q

Scaphopoda

A

tusk shells

37
Q

Polyplacophora

A

Chitons

38
Q

what is the second larges Molluscan class?

A

Bivalvia

39
Q

Give examples of bivalvia

A

Clams, scallops, mussels, oyesters.

40
Q

Describe Bivalvia

(how the shell is dived, type of org, and habitat found, how they feed)

A
  1. Compressed organisms.
  2. Shell divided into 2 valves.
  3. Shell divided into 2, joint by dorsal ligaments and held by the adductory muscles.
  4. Marine and freshwater
  5. Fliter-feeders throught their gills and ciliary action.
41
Q

Two things involved in filter-feeding in bivalves?

A
  • Ciliary action
  • Gills.
42
Q

What structure of the bivalve is responsible for opening the shell?

A

The elastic hinge ligament- when the muscles relax the ligaments allows for the valves to open.

43
Q

What structure is responsible for closing the Bivavles Vavles ?

A

Adductor muscles

(Important as closing their shells is their main shelf defense)

44
Q

Prevents valves from tiwisting

A

Teeth- a series of tongue and groove modification to the shell.

45
Q

a series of tongue and groove modification to the shell.

(what structure of the bivavle?)

A

The teeth

46
Q

The oldest part of the shell.

(what structure is it?)

A

Umbo

47
Q

What is a Siphon

A

Extension of the mantle cavity. Have incurrent and excurrent siphons.

48
Q

What are gills?

A

Folded sheets from lamellae.

49
Q

What adaptations did bivalvia had to help them become great filter feeders?

A
  1. Loss of head.
  2. Loss of radula.
  3. Extension of ciliated gills.
50
Q

Outline the steps of gaseous exchange

A

Water enters the mantle cavity (with organic matter) -> gland cells secret mucus and so OM is covered Water enters the mantle cavity (Organic material + Oxygenated) -> the ciliary tract directs it to -> tiny pores in the gills -> Gland cells secret mucus on particles in suspended water going through the pores of the gill -> water goes to the visceral chambers (water tubes) -> gaseous exchanges occur through diffusion due to blood and water being in close proximity through the water tube.

51
Q

Outline the process of feeding

A

Water enters the mantle cavity (with organic matter) -> gland cells secret mucus and so OM is covered in mucus -> Gills trap food -> cilia carry trapped food to the food groove along the ventral margin then move to the mouth -> small food particles move along the food groove to the labia palps -> Labia palps directs food into the mouth. -> larger particles are dropped off into the mantle cavity due to gravitational pull -> ciliary tract on the mantle carries the pseudofeces posteriorly -> pseudofeces forced out when mantle valves shut.

52
Q

Outline the process of digestion

A

Food enters the esophagus entangled in a mucoid food string -> winds up around the crystalline style and is pulled into the stomach from the esophagus -> during this, along the stomach pH, food is dislodged into the food string -> fine particles are sent to the digestive gland for intracellular digestion -> ciliary carries undigested waste in the digestive gland, back to the stomach and to the intestine.-> intestine empties into the excurrent opening via the anus -> excurrent water carries the feces away.

Invertebrate zoology (6 decks)

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