Moles & Bonding Flashcards
layout of an atom (carbon)
oxygen on the periodic table
mass number —–> 16 <—— (protons+neutrons)
0 <—- symbol
atomic number —-> 8 <—– (protons AND electrons)
Oxygen <— name
Mass number is always ….
the biggest number
Charge
Charge
proton-positive
neutron-no charge (neutral)
electron-negative
Isotopes are
Isotopes are the atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same proton number, but different mass numbers.
1 mole is
6.02 x 10²³
defintion of a mole
number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon
number of moles =
number of atoms or molecules
6.02 x 10²³
number of atoms =
number of moles x 6.02 x 10²³
traingle for moles, mass and formula mass
simple covalent bonding
- shares electrons
- between non metals
- low melting point
- Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature
Giant covalent bonding
- very high melting points
- doesn’t conduct electricity (except graphite & silicon)
- doesn’t dissolve in water
- hard but brittle
Ionic bonding
- transfer electrons from one atom to another to get a full outer shell
- metal and non metal
- positive + gives away
- negative - takes
- high melting point
- Do not conduct electricity when solid
- dissolves in water
alotropes
elements that have different arrangements
The atomic number of an atom is
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons it contains.
The mass number of an atom is
The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons it contains
Relative Mass
proton-
neutron-
electron-
Relative Mass
proton- 1
neutron- 1
electron- Almost Zero
malleable
when a material is able to be pressed into a shape without breaking
metalic bonding
- high melting point because the strong bond = lots of energy to break
- can conduct electricity and heat because the electrons are free to move
- tightly packed layers of ions, surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
*
exothermic reactions -
- temp goes up
- giving away heat
- HOT
- bond breaking - takes energy
endothermic reactions -
- temp goes down
- taking heat
- COLD
- bond making - releases energy
noble gas
elements in group 8 (0) and have a full outer shell
If the bonds in the REACTANTS have MORE energy than the PRODUCTS….
IT IS AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION
