Molecules of cells

Question 1

Basic structure of an atom

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

Atomic number

Answer 2

number of protons

Question 3

Mass Number

Answer 3

the total number of protons and neutrons

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

average mass of all isotopes of an element

Question 5

Ions

Answer 5

atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 7

What is the significance of the number of electrons in the valence shell?

Answer 7

Contains the electrons involved in bonding

Question 8

Ionic bonding

Answer 8

strong bond resulting from electronic attraction between atoms of opposite charge

Question 9

Covalent bond

Answer 9

result from sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 10

Non polar covalent bond

Answer 10

electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

Question 11

Polar covalent bond

Answer 11

electrons are not shared equally

Question 12

Hydrogen bond

Answer 12

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Question 13

1st unique characteristic of water

Answer 13

boiling/freezing point

Question 14

2nd unique characteristic of water

Answer 14

surface tension

Question 15

3rd unique characteristic of water

Answer 15

heat of vaporization

Question 16

4th unique characteristic of water

Answer 16

vapor pressure

Question 17

5th unique characteristic of water

Answer 17

adhesion and cohesion

Question 18

Adhesion

Answer 18

attraction of H20 to other polar surfaces

Question 19

Cohesion

Answer 19

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 20

Hydrophilic

Answer 20

water loving

Question 21

Hydrophobic

Answer 21

water fearing

Question 22

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 22

a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule

Question 23

Why is dehydration synthesis important?

Answer 23

It is the process of making organic polymers

Question 24

Hydrolysis

Answer 24

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 25

Why is hydrolysis important?

Answer 25

How the body breaks food into nutritious components

Question 26

Monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 26

monosaccharides

Question 27

Monosaccharides

Answer 27

single ring

Question 28

Disaccharide

Answer 28

two rings

Question 29

polysaccharides

Answer 29

carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 30

cellulose

Answer 30

make up cell walls in plants

Question 31

chitin

Answer 31

cell walls of fungi

Question 32

starch

Answer 32

long term energy storage in plants

Question 33

glycogen

Answer 33

long term energy storage in animals

Question 34

what characteristics do all lipids share

Answer 34

hydrophobic

Question 35

Basic structure of triglycerides

Answer 35

glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid tails

Question 36

Triglycerides

Answer 36

long term energy, insulation, cushioning, and digestion

Question 37

Structure of phospholipid

Answer 37

Head= polar/hydrophilic Tails= nonpolar/hydrophobic phosphoglycerol head plus 2 fatty acid tails

Question 38

phospholipids

Answer 38

make up cell membranes

Question 39

monomers of proteins

Answer 39

amino acid

Question 40

peptide bond

Answer 40

covalent bond formed from amino acids

Question 41

primary structure of protein

Answer 41

sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Question 42

secondary structure of protein

Answer 42

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet, substructure of polypeptide, determined by h bonds

Question 43

tertiary structure of protein

Answer 43

3d structure, determined by R group interactions

Question 44

Quaternary structure of protein

Answer 44

polypeptides assemble together to form protein

Question 45

What happens if a protein loses shape?

Answer 45

loss of function

Question 46

Nucleotides

Answer 46

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous

Question 47

3 parts of nucleotide

Answer 47

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 48

DNA structure

Answer 48

double stranded

Question 49

what bond forms the backbone of nucleic acids?

Answer 49

phosphodiester bonds

Question 50

what bond forms the rings of DNA?

Answer 50

A, T, G, C

Question 51

RNA

Answer 51

Several functions, single stranded

Question 52

DNA

Answer 52

carries genetic information, double stranded