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Biology Unit 1 test > Molecules of cells > Flashcards

Molecules of cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic structure of an atom

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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2
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

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3
Q

Mass Number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Atomic mass

A

average mass of all isotopes of an element

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5
Q

Ions

A

atoms that have gained or lost electrons

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is the significance of the number of electrons in the valence shell?

A

Contains the electrons involved in bonding

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8
Q

Ionic bonding

A

strong bond resulting from electronic attraction between atoms of opposite charge

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9
Q

Covalent bond

A

result from sharing of electrons between atoms

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10
Q

Non polar covalent bond

A

electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

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11
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

electrons are not shared equally

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12
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

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13
Q

1st unique characteristic of water

A

boiling/freezing point

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14
Q

2nd unique characteristic of water

A

surface tension

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15
Q

3rd unique characteristic of water

A

heat of vaporization

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16
Q

4th unique characteristic of water

A

vapor pressure

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17
Q

5th unique characteristic of water

A

adhesion and cohesion

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction of H20 to other polar surfaces

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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20
Q

Hydrophilic

A

water loving

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21
Q

Hydrophobic

A

water fearing

22
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule

23
Q

Why is dehydration synthesis important?

A

It is the process of making organic polymers

24
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

25
Q

Why is hydrolysis important?

A

How the body breaks food into nutritious components

26
Q

Monomers of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

27
Q

Monosaccharides

A

single ring

28
Q

Disaccharide

A

two rings

29
Q

polysaccharides

A

carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

30
Q

cellulose

A

make up cell walls in plants

31
Q

chitin

A

cell walls of fungi

32
Q

starch

A

long term energy storage in plants

33
Q

glycogen

A

long term energy storage in animals

34
Q

what characteristics do all lipids share

A

hydrophobic

35
Q

Basic structure of triglycerides

A

glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid tails

36
Q

Triglycerides

A

long term energy, insulation, cushioning, and digestion

37
Q

Structure of phospholipid

A

Head= polar/hydrophilic
Tails= nonpolar/hydrophobic
phosphoglycerol head plus 2 fatty acid tails

38
Q

phospholipids

A

make up cell membranes

39
Q

monomers of proteins

A

amino acid

40
Q

peptide bond

A

covalent bond formed from amino acids

41
Q

primary structure of protein

A

sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

42
Q

secondary structure of protein

A

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet, substructure of polypeptide, determined by h bonds

43
Q

tertiary structure of protein

A

3d structure, determined by R group interactions

44
Q

Quaternary structure of protein

A

polypeptides assemble together to form protein

45
Q

What happens if a protein loses shape?

A

loss of function

46
Q

Nucleotides

A

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous

47
Q

3 parts of nucleotide

A

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

48
Q

DNA structure

A

double stranded

49
Q

what bond forms the backbone of nucleic acids?

A

phosphodiester bonds

50
Q

what bond forms the rings of DNA?

A

A, T, G, C

51
Q

RNA

A

Several functions, single stranded

52
Q

DNA

A

carries genetic information, double stranded

Biology Unit 1 test (4 decks)

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