Molecules and Processes

Question 1

Length scale for the cell

Answer 1

2-10 micrometers

Question 2

Length scale for molecular O-H bond

Answer 2

0.10 nanometer

Question 3

Length scale for amino acid in a protein

Answer 3

0.4 nanometer

Question 4

Length scale for the diameter of an average protein

Answer 4

4 nanometer

Question 5

Equation for diffusion

Answer 5

t = L^2/D

Question 6

Force that forms a direct link between atoms sharing electrons

Answer 6

covalent bonds

Question 7

Bond that holds protein chains together

Answer 7

disulphide bridges

Question 8

Types of rigid peptides bonds

Answer 8

cis and trans

Question 9

Attraction or repulsion due to -ve or +ve charged groups on molecule

Answer 9

Electrostatic forces

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

“sharing” of a hydrogen atom between two molecules

Question 11

Van der Waals forces

Answer 11

Transient, weak electrostatic attractions between two atoms

Question 12

In ionic forces, the energy is equal to

Answer 12

force x distance

Question 13

Phospholipids are

Answer 13

amphipathic (hydrophilic and hydophobic)

Question 14

The tail of the phospholipid is …

Answer 14

… nonpolar

Question 15

The head of the phospholipid is …

Answer 15

… polar

Question 16

The phospholipids are …

Answer 16

… dynamic structures

Question 17

Phospholipids can diffuse through …

Answer 17

… lateral diffusion and transverse diffusion

Question 18

Multicellular organisms have to be …

Answer 18

… eukaryotic

Question 19

Prokaryotic organisms are …

Answer 19

… unicellular organisms

Question 20

Amino acids are the building blocks of …

Answer 20

… proteins

Question 21

Name the four functions of proteins:

Answer 21

• Structural role
• Enzymatic activity
• Transporters
• Hormonal activity

Question 22

Example of a protein that gives structure to the muscles and skin

Answer 22

Collagen

Question 23

Example of a protein that gives structure to the skin, nails and hair

Answer 23

Keratin

Question 24

Two beta-pleated sheets form a

Answer 24

beta - sandwich

Question 25

The alpha - helix is an example of a

Answer 25

secondary protein structure

Question 26

Name the four processes that consume energy

Answer 26

Heat, Motion, Making molecules and Concentrating molecules

Question 27

Two primary sources of energy

Answer 27

- Glucose | - Fatty Acids

Question 28

Because some reactions are energetically unfavourable they have to be ...

Answer 28

... coupled reactions

Question 29

Which stage of the glucose metabolism does not need oxygen?

Answer 29

Glycolysis

Question 30

Which stage of the glucose metabolism makes NADH?

Answer 30

Kreb's Cycle

Question 31

Organelle where most of the energy is produced:

Answer 31

Mitochondria