Molecules and Processes Flashcards
Length scale for the cell
2-10 micrometers
Length scale for molecular O-H bond
0.10 nanometer
Length scale for amino acid in a protein
0.4 nanometer
Length scale for the diameter of an average protein
4 nanometer
Equation for diffusion
t = L^2/D
Force that forms a direct link between atoms sharing electrons
covalent bonds
Bond that holds protein chains together
disulphide bridges
Types of rigid peptides bonds
cis and trans
Attraction or repulsion due to -ve or +ve charged groups on molecule
Electrostatic forces
Hydrogen bonds
“sharing” of a hydrogen atom between two molecules
Van der Waals forces
Transient, weak electrostatic attractions between two atoms
In ionic forces, the energy is equal to
force x distance
Phospholipids are
amphipathic (hydrophilic and hydophobic)
The tail of the phospholipid is …
… nonpolar
The head of the phospholipid is …
… polar