Molecules and Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Length scale for the cell

A

2-10 micrometers

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2
Q

Length scale for molecular O-H bond

A

0.10 nanometer

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3
Q

Length scale for amino acid in a protein

A

0.4 nanometer

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4
Q

Length scale for the diameter of an average protein

A

4 nanometer

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5
Q

Equation for diffusion

A

t = L^2/D

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6
Q

Force that forms a direct link between atoms sharing electrons

A

covalent bonds

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7
Q

Bond that holds protein chains together

A

disulphide bridges

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8
Q

Types of rigid peptides bonds

A

cis and trans

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9
Q

Attraction or repulsion due to -ve or +ve charged groups on molecule

A

Electrostatic forces

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10
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

“sharing” of a hydrogen atom between two molecules

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11
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

Transient, weak electrostatic attractions between two atoms

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12
Q

In ionic forces, the energy is equal to

A

force x distance

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13
Q

Phospholipids are

A

amphipathic (hydrophilic and hydophobic)

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14
Q

The tail of the phospholipid is …

A

… nonpolar

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15
Q

The head of the phospholipid is …

A

… polar

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16
Q

The phospholipids are …

A

… dynamic structures

17
Q

Phospholipids can diffuse through …

A

… lateral diffusion and transverse diffusion

18
Q

Multicellular organisms have to be …

A

… eukaryotic

19
Q

Prokaryotic organisms are …

A

… unicellular organisms

20
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of …

A

… proteins

21
Q

Name the four functions of proteins:

A
  • Structural role
  • Enzymatic activity
  • Transporters
  • Hormonal activity
22
Q

Example of a protein that gives structure to the muscles and skin

A

Collagen

23
Q

Example of a protein that gives structure to the skin, nails and hair

A

Keratin

24
Q

Two beta-pleated sheets form a

A

beta - sandwich

25
Q

The alpha - helix is an example of a

A

secondary protein structure

26
Q

Name the four processes that consume energy

A

Heat, Motion, Making molecules and Concentrating molecules

27
Q

Two primary sources of energy

A
  • Glucose

- Fatty Acids

28
Q

Because some reactions are energetically unfavourable they have to be …

A

… coupled reactions

29
Q

Which stage of the glucose metabolism does not need oxygen?

A

Glycolysis

30
Q

Which stage of the glucose metabolism makes NADH?

A

Kreb’s Cycle

31
Q

Organelle where most of the energy is produced:

A

Mitochondria