Molecules and Fundamentals of Biology Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space or has mass
What is an element?
Pure substance that has specific physical/chemical properties and can’t be broken down into simpler substance.
What is an atom?
Smallest unit of matter that still retains all chemical properties of an element
What are atoms made of?
Protons, Neutrons, and electrons
What are molecules?
Two or more atoms joined together (H2O, CO2, O2)
What are organic molecules?
Anything containing a carbon atom; often bond with (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen)
What are intramolecular forces?
strong attractive forces that hold atoms WITHIN a molecule (inside)
(ex. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds)
What are intermolecular forces
Forces that exist BETWEEN molecules; weaker than intramolecular forces; determine physical properties
(ex. hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole attraction, london dispersion attraction)
What are monomers?
molecules that have the potential to bond to identical molecules; individual links on a chain; form polymers via polymerization
What are polymers?
Molecules that have many monomers bound together; entire chain
What do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO)
Ribose has how many carbons?
five carbon monosaccharide
Fructose has how many carbons?
six carbon monosaccharide
Glucose has how many carbons?
Six carbon monosaccharide
What is an isomer?
Same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms
ex. glucose and fructose
