Molecular Geometry and O. Chem R Groups

Question 1

sp3 no lone pairs bond angle?

Answer 1

109.5°

Question 2

sp3 one lone pair bond angle?

Answer 2

<107°

Question 3

sp3 two lone pairs bond angle?

Answer 3

105°

Question 4

sp2 bond angle?

Answer 4

120°

Question 5

sp bond angle?

Answer 5

180°

Question 6

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 6

Linear. 180°.

Question 7

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 7

Linear Bent. <180°.

Question 8

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 8

Trigonal Planar. 120°.

Question 9

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 9

Trigonal Pyramidal. <120°.

Question 10

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 10

Square Planar. 90°.

Question 11

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 11

Tetrahedral. 109.5°.

Question 12

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 12

Trigonal Bipyramidal. 90° & 120°.

Question 13

Shape and bond angle?

Answer 13

Octahedral. 90°.

Question 14

Name the functional group.

Answer 14

Alkane.
Naming: -ane
Hydrocarbons - Saturated.
methane | CH₄ | H₃C-H
octane | C₈H₁₈ | H₃C-(CH₂)₆-CH₃
Formula: C_nH_2n+2

Question 15

Name the functional group.

Answer 15

Alkene.
Naming: -ene
Hydrocarbons.
At least one C=C double-bond!
ethene (ethylene) | C₂H₄ | H₂C=CH₂
propene (propylene) | C₃H₆ | H₃C-CH=CH₂
Formula: C_nH_2n

Question 16

Name the functional group.

Answer 16

Alkyne.
Naming: -yne
Hydrocarbons.
One C≡C triple-bond!
Ethyne (Acetylene) | C₂H₂ | H-C≡C-H
Propyne | C₃H₄ | H₃C-C≡CH
Formula: C_nH_2n-2

Question 17

Name the functional group.

Answer 17

Alcohol.
Naming: -ol
Simple oxygen heteroatomics.
Methanol | CH₃OH | H₃C-OH
Propanol (1) | C₃H₇OH | H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-OH
Isopropanol (2) | C₃H₇OH | H₃C-CH(OH)-CH₃
Formula: C_nH_2n+1OH

Question 18

Name the functional group.

Answer 18

Ether.
Naming: -oxy -ane
Simple oxygen heteroatomics.
Dimethyl ether | C₂H₆O | H₃C-O-CH₃
Diethyl ether | C₄H₁₀O | H₃C-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₃
Formula: C_nH_2n+2O

Question 19

Name the functional group.

Answer 19

Epoxide.
Naming: -ene oxide
Simple oxygen heteroatomics.
Ethylene Oxide (Oxirane) | C₂H₄O | H₂C-O-CH₂
Propylene Oxide | C₃H₆O | H₃C-CH(O)-CH₃
Formula: C_nH_2nO

Question 20

Name the functional group.

Answer 20

Haloalkane
Naming: halo-
Halogen heteroatomics.
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) | CH₃Cl | H₃C-Cl
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) | CH₂Cl₂ | H₂CCl₂
Formula: C_nH_2n+1X

Question 21

Name the functional group.

Answer 21

Aldehyde.
Naming: -al
Carbonyl compounds.
Carbonyl group always at Carbon #1.
Formaldehyde (Methanal) | CH₂O | H₂C=O
Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) | C₂H₄O | H₃C-CHO
Formula: C_nH_2nO

Question 22

Name the functional group.

Answer 22

Ketone.
Naming: -one
Carbonyl compounds.
Must have at least 3 Carbon atoms.
Bonds are always within the carbon chains, never at the ends.
Acetone (Propanone) | C₃H₆O | H₃C-CO-CH₃
Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) | C₄H₈O | H₃C-CO-CH₂-CH₃
Formula: C_nH_2nO

Question 23

Name the functional group.

Answer 23

Carboxylic Acid.
Naming: -oic acid.
Carbonyl compounds.
Formic acid (Methanoic acid) | CH₂O₂ | HCOOH
Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) | C₂H₄O₂ | H₃C-COOH
The carboxyl functional group is always at the end of the molecule.
The formula includes a carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) group.
Formula: C_nH_2nO₂.

Question 24

Name the functional group.

Answer 24

Acid Anhydride.
Naming: -oic anhydride.
Carbonyl compounds.
Contains the -CO-O-CO- (anhydride) functional group.
Formic anhydride | C₂H₂O₃ | HCO-O-COH
Acetic anhydride | C₄H₆O₃ | H₃C-CO-O-CO-CH₃
Formula: (RCO)₂O.

Question 25

Name the functional group.

Answer 25

Ester. Naming: -yl -oate. `Carbonyl compounds.` Have the general structure R-COO-R', where: R is the acyl (carboxyl-derived) group. R' is the alkyl (alcohol-derived) group. Methyl formate | C₂H₄O₂ | HCOOCH₃ Ethyl acetate | C₄H₈O₂ | H₃C-COOCH₂CH₃ Formula: RCOOR'.

Question 26

Name the functional group.

Answer 26

Amide. Naming: -amide. `Carbonyl compounds.` Formamide (Methanamide) | CH₃NO | HCONH₂ Acetamide (Ethanamide) | C₂H₅NO | H₃C-CONH₂

Question 27

Name the functional group.

Answer 27

Acyl Halide. Naming: -oyl halide. `Carbonyl compounds.` Formyl chloride (Methanoyl chloride) | CHOCl | HCOCl Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride) | C₂H₃OCl | H₃C-COCl Formula: RCOX.

Question 28

Name the functional group.

Answer 28

Amine. Naming: -amine. `Nitrogen-based` Methylamine | CH₃NH₂ | H₃C-NH₂ | Primary (1°) Dimethylamine | C₂H₇N | H₃C-NH-CH₃ | Secondary (2°) Formula: RNH₂. | R₂NH.

Question 29

Name the functional group.

Answer 29

Nitrile. Naming: -nitrile. `Nitrogen-based` Contains a cyano (-C≡N) functional group. Hydrogen cyanide | HCN | H-C≡N Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide) | C₆H₅CN | C₆H₅-C≡N Formula: RC≡N.

Question 30

Name the functional group.

Answer 30

Imine. Naming: -imine. `Nitrogen-based` Contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond (-C=NH or -C=NR). Methanimine (Formaldimine) | CH₃N | H₂C=NH N-Methylmethanimine | C₂H₅N | H₂C=NHCH₃ Formula: RC=NR'.

Question 31

Name the functional group.

Answer 31

Isocyanate. Naming: -yl isocyanate. `Nitrogen-based` Contains the isocyanate (-N=C=O) functional group. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) | C₂H₃NO | H₃C-N=C=O Ethyl isocyanate | C₃H₅NO | H₃C-CH₂-N=C=O Formula: RN=C=O.

Question 32

Name the functional group.

Answer 32

Azo Compound. Naming: azo-. `Nitrogen-based` Contains the azo (-N=N-) functional group. Azobenzene | C₁₂H₁₀N₂ | C₆H₅-N=N-C₆H₅ Methyl orange | C₁₄H₁₄N₃NaO₃S Formula: RN=NR'.

Question 33

Name the functional group.

Answer 33

Thiol. Naming: -thiol. `Sulfur-based` Contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) functional group. Methanethiol (Methyl mercaptan) | CH₄S | H₃C-SH Ethanethiol (Ethyl mercaptan | C₂H₆S | H₃C-CH₂-SH Formula: R-SH.

Question 34

Name the functional group.

Answer 34

Arene. Naming: -yl benzene. `Aromatic` Arenes are hydrocarbons that contain benzene rings or other conjugated cyclic systems. They exhibit delocalized π-electrons across their rings, making them more stable than alkenes. Benzene | C₆H₆ | (hexagonal ring with alternating π bonds) Toluene (Methylbenzene) | C₇H₈ | C₆H₅-CH₃ Formula: C_nH_n