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Molecular Genetics > Molecular Genetics-Levels of Organization+Definitions > Flashcards

Molecular Genetics-Levels of Organization+Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

How big is one base pair/distance between each base pair in a double helix

A

0.34nm

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2
Q

How many bps make one turn of DNA

A

10

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3
Q

How long is one turn

A

3.4nm

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4
Q

How wide is the DNA double helix

A

2nm

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5
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of DNA molecule

level 1

A

2nm

Histone+146 bp of DNA=nucleosome, appears as beads on a string

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6
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of Histone+DNA

level 2

A

11nm

Makes them organized

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7
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of Solenoid

level 3

A

30nm

nucleosome beads are tightly packed, forming chromatin fibre held by H1

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8
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of Euchromatin

level 4

A

300nm

Forms loops connected to proteins in the nucleus

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9
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of Heterochromatin

level 5

A

700nm

condenses into chromosomes, further fold the chromosome’s scaffold

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10
Q

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Width of Total Chromosome

level 6

A

1400nm

Become duplicated & held 2gether by a centromer forming sister chromatid

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11
Q

Which Bases always pair in double stranded DNA

Base Pairing

A

A+T
C+G

IN Purine: (A+G), Pyrimidine: (C+T)

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12
Q

DEFINITIONS

GENE

A
  • Basic unit of heredity that determines genetic traits
  • Specific sequences of Dna that encodes and may influence production of proteins & RNA molecules
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13
Q

DEFINITIONS

GENOME

A
  • An organism’s complete genetic makeup
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14
Q

DEFINITIONS

NUCLEOID

A
  • Dense region where DNA is tightly packed through super coiling
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15
Q

DEFINITIONS

SUPERCOILING

A
  • When DNA molecule twists/coils upon itself
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16
Q

DEFINITIONS

TOPOISOMERASE

A
  • Enzyme
  • Helps with either coiling a DNA or relieves tension of the DNA by untwisting it
17
Q

DEFINITION

HISTONE

A
  • Group of proteins around DNA coils
18
Q

DEFINITION

NUCLEOSOME

A
  • Histone+142 bp of DNA

Name for this^

19
Q

DEFINITION

SOLENOID

A
  • Nucleosome “beads” tightly packed to make chromatin (solenoid fibre)
  • Held by another histone protein (H1)
20
Q

How is DNA packed

A
  • DNA gets packed into the nucleoid region through super coiling
  • Topoisomerase coil these coils
  • Specialized proteins help hold the coils
21
Q

CHARGAFF’s RULE MATHEMATICALLY

What are the relationships between Adenine, Guanine, Cystosine & Thymine with Chargaff’s math rules

A

A=T, C=G
A+G=50
C+T=50
Equation: (A+G=C+T)

Molecular Genetics (5 decks)

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