Molecular Genetics Flashcards
What is the shape of DNA
DNA is a ladder with adenine and thymines together and cytosine and guanine together. It is in a double helix form so the ladder is twisted
What are DNA strands made of?
DNA is composed of 2 strands of nucleotides bonded together to form a ladder. It is made with a combination of the nucleotide bonds of adenine and thymine (AT) and guanine and cytosine (GC) it is held together with a sugar phosphate back bone. In RNA thymine is replaced with Uracel
What is the difference between DNA and RNA
DNA are longer and more complicated. They are double stranded while RNA are single stranded. Rna are simply a messenger from a dna while dna is a part of the system of the body. rna do not have a thymine nucleotide. Instead they have a Uracel
How do Dna replicate?
1: the dna unwinds at multiple replication origins. 2: a short rna primer is formed and acts as am anchor point for dna polymerase 3. 3: dna polymerase 3 adds new nucleotides to complement original dna molecule. 4: dna polymerase 1 follows polymerase 3 and snips out primers. Ligaes creates new back bone and repairs mismatched pairs of nucleotides. New dna strands coil into a double helix
What is involved in protein synthesis
1: Rna polymerase attaches to promoter site of a gene causing the molecule to unwind. 2: polymerase lines up new rna nucleotides 3: mrna goes to ribosome 4: dna molecule rewinds
