Molecular Forces Flashcards
what is an ionic bond?
Bond between 2 charged atoms of opposite electronic nature
What happens to the ionic bond strength if distance is doubled?
Strength decreases by 1/4 compared to original
What is an ion dipole bond?
Bond between a charged molecule and a non-ionic polar functional group (dipole)
What are molecules that can be dipoles? (6 total)
Hydroxyl groups, amines, ethers, any halogen, nitrile, carbonyl
What happens to the strength of the ion-dipole bond force when distance is doubled?
Decreases the strength of bond by 1/8
What are dipole-dipole bonds?
Bonds that exist between 2 neutral but polar molecules
What is the most important dipole-dipole bond and why?
Hydrogen bond - responsible for DNA double helix, holds proteins in functional forms, ice floating and water boiling.
What are Covalent bonds?
Sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Irreversible bond - Because the electrons are shared
What are examples of non-covalent bonds? (4 Total)
- ionic bonds
- Ion-dipole bonds
- Dipole-dipole bonds
- Non-polar bonds
What happens to the strength of the dipole-dipole bonds when the distance is doubled?
Strength of the bond is decreased by 1/16
Definition of the hydrogen bond?
An attraction and interaction between the lone pairs of electrons of an electronegative atom and a nearby hydrogen atom that is connected to a second negative atom.
What are non-polar bonds?
- weak forces between atoms
- Arise form small changes in the probable position of the electrons in their orbits
- Produce “temporary dipoles”
- Can accumulate
What are non-polar bonds also known as?
Van der Waals forces
