Molecular Characteristics of Cancer Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What cancers are associated with BRCA1/2?

A

breast/ovarian

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2
Q

What cancers are associated with MSH/MLH mutations?

A

colon cancer

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3
Q

What cancers are associated with Rb?

A

retinoblastoma

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4
Q

What mutation is associated with Li-Fraumeni?

A

p53

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5
Q

What are the effects of methylation/acetylation on gene activity?

A

methylation silences

acetylation activates

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6
Q

What is a proto-oncogene?

A

A gene which is non-cancerous when wt, but when mutated becomes an oncogene (ex: krasg12d, mutant b-raf)

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7
Q

What does NF1 inhibit?

A

Ras

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8
Q

What is the signaling pathway of EGFR?

A

EGFR>Ras>Raf>Mek>Erk
Mek aka MAPKK
Erk aka MAPK

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9
Q

What drugs target EGFR? (5)

A

cetuximab, panitumumab, erlotinib, gefitinb, osimertinib

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10
Q

What drugs target Her2? (3)

A

trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib

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11
Q

What is the signaling pathway of PI3K?

A

PI3K>PIP3>Akt>mTOR

PTEN inhibits PI3K

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12
Q

What drugs target VEGF? (4)

A

bevacizumab, pazopanib, sunitinib, sorafenib

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13
Q

What drugs target mTOR?

A

anything that ends in -olimus

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14
Q

What is the difference between quiescence and senescence?

A

quiescence is reversible growth arrest

Senescence associated with p16ink4a and b-gal

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15
Q

What is the Hayflick limit?

A

Cells can only undergo a certain number of divisions before losing enough telomeres that they undergo senescence

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16
Q

What is the breakage-fusion-bridge hypothesis?

A

The telomere breaks off a chromatid. The ‘free’ ends of the sister chromatids are sticky and fuse to one another. During mitosis an ‘anaphase bridge’ forms. The chromatids will break apart randomly, leaving two daughter cells with uneven chromatids. The cycles continue until a translocation occurs, placing a chromatid on the end and stopping the cycle.