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Molecular Biology Exam 2 > Molecular Biology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Molecular Biology Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 components of PCR?

A

Mg2+, Primers, dNPTs

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2
Q

What is the origin for reverse transcriptase?

A

Retro- and pararetroviruses

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3
Q

What is the major difference between qPCR and digital PCR?

A

Digital PCR separates the sample into thousands of subsamples for quantitation making it more sensitive

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4
Q

What are 3 types of extraction techniques for nucleic acids?

A

Organic, Affinity, Inorganic

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5
Q

Why should nucleases be avoided in nucleic acid extractions?

A

Low nucleic acid quality, It can degrade the nucleic acids and the downstream molecular biology reactions will fail

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6
Q

What is a benefit that running a gel has for checking nucleic acid quality over spectrophotometry or fluorometry?

A

Degradation can be Assessed

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7
Q

What is a plasmid Ori?

A

The site that plasmid replication begins at

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8
Q

True or False: Plasmids only contain one type of gene.

A

False

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9
Q

What is an infection clone

A

A cDNA copy of a viral genome

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10
Q

True or false: Cloning is only something that humans cause

A

False

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11
Q

Why are vector constructs verified before use?

A

If the construct is wrong, then the downstream experiments wont work

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12
Q

What are examples of naturally occurring transgenic organisms

A

Pea aphid, humans, Sweet Potatoes

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13
Q

Why is it important to make recombinant proteins

A

To study the Protein functions, modify existing proteins and to produce enough for use in biomedical applications

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14
Q

What are the benefits of using affinity binding for protein purification

A

getting a pure extract, to have a specific tag on the protein and simplify the extraction

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15
Q

Why would a researcher add a fluorescent tag to a protein through genetic engineering?

A

To localize the protein in a cell

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16
Q

What is a Motif?

A

A conserved sequence of amino acids that has a function

17
Q

What are 3 reasons to identify motifs?

A

To determine the function of a protein, to characterize an unknown protein and to identify related proteins

18
Q

Why are software programs used to identify motifs?

A

The algorithms are more precise, more domains can be identified and to simplify the process

19
Q

Why is maxam gilbert sequencing not used today?

A

It is technically challenging, it is expensive and other techniques were developed

20
Q

how are dideoxynucleosides labeled?

A

fluorophores and radioactive phosphate

21
Q

If you were sequencing the genome of an organism and don’t know any of the sequence, which method should you use?

A

Shotgun sequencing

22
Q

Why is it essential to have the highest quality DNA for massively parallel sequencing?

A

low quality DNA yields low quality results, inhibitors can inhibit the sequencing reaction
cost of the reaction is much higher than sanger sequencing

23
Q

What type of chemistry does Illumina sequencing use?

A

Reversible terminator dyes

24
Q

What is the basis for the minION sequencer?

A

Nanopores

25
Q

What involves mathematics and statistics?

A

Experimental Design, Preprocessing of data and structural learning

26
Q

When choosing a command line bioinformatics what should be considered?

A

Further analysis to be performed, the application and the source of data

27
Q

What types of user-interface based bioinformatic programs are there?

A

Proprietary fee-based programs, government funded software that is free, and proprietary freeware

28
Q

What is a clade?

A

A cluster of branches that group together from a single point

29
Q

Why is bootstrapping commonly used to test the accuracy of a tree?

A

It can test consistency of a clade placement, robustness of the tree placement and how efficiently a tree was made

30
Q

If you were to align sequences using a web-based program, which would be the best option?

A

ClustalOmega

31
Q

What is the benefit of using RNAseq for transcriptomics?

A

Transcript quantification, Identification of alternative splicing and detection of rare transcripts

32
Q

True of false? Omics approaches are only used individually

A

False

33
Q

What technological advance has made metagenomics common?

A

Massively parallel sequencing

Molecular Biology Exam 2 (1 decks)

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