MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

• DNA is transcribed into an RNA

Question 2

• reading of the DNA to produce a mRNA

Question 3

central dogma,

Answer 3

Is the production of protein, actually involves transcription, translation and protein.

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Question 5

mutations

Answer 5

changes of the DNA will lead to changes in structure of the proteins that are produced and therefore can lead to diseases or malfunctioning of the processes of the body.

Question 6

True

Answer 6

True or false:

Question 7

It is much more significant to analyze the DNA than the expressed proteins

Question 8

True

Answer 8

True or false:

Question 9

We can amplify the DNA since we can detect the DNA even in low concentration in px blood.

Question 10

reverse transcription.

Answer 10

The process of turning the RNA into DNA i

Question 11

semi-conservative replication

Answer 11

in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new

Question 12

ANTI PARALLEL

Answer 12

The DNA strands are always ___________ to each other

Question 13

s-phase

Answer 13

in cell cycle, the DNA replication phase occurs in what phase?

Question 14

5’ to 3’

Answer 14

The writing/adding of the DNA base is from what prime?

Question 15

Leading strand

Answer 15

the new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 16

Lagging strand

Answer 16

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction away from the replication fork.

Question 17

DNA ligase

Answer 17

Enzyme that would usually act only on the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strands

Question 18

Helicase

Answer 18

Unwinds parental double helix at replication forks

Question 19

Single-strand binding protein

Answer 19

Binds to and stabilizes single stranded DNA until it is used as a template

Question 20

Topoisomerase

Answer 20

Relieves overwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking swiveling and rejoining DNA strands.

Question 21

Primase

Answer 21

Synthesizes an RNA primer at 5’ end of leading strand and 5’ end of the Okazaki fragments of lagging strand.

Question 22

DNA pol III

Answer 22

Using parental DNA as template, synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand.

Question 23

DNA pol I

Answer 23

Removes RNA nucleotides of primer form 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to 3’ end of adjacent fragment.

Question 24

DNA ligase

Answer 24

Joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand; on leading strand, joins 3’ end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand

Question 25

Sense strand

Answer 25

the strand of DNA that runs 5' to 3' and contains the genetic information or sequence that is specific to the formation of the protein for a protein.

Question 26

anti-sense strand

Answer 26

The complementary of the sense strand in transcription it is the template strand that is transcribed to mRNA.

Question 27

Antisense strand

Answer 27

In the transcription, what is read, the sense strand or anti sense strand?

Question 28

False (MRNA goes out of the nucleus)

Answer 28

True or false:

Question 29

After transcription the DNA goes out of the nucleus

Question 30

Introns

Answer 30

- sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

Question 31

- it is not part of the reading to form a particular trait

Question 32

Exons

Answer 32

Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA.

Question 33

5' Cap and the Poly-A tail

Answer 33

protects the RNA from degradation

Question 34

tRNA

Answer 34

type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome and has an ANTICODON

Question 35

A site

Answer 35

is the amino acyl tRNA binding site.

Question 36

P site

Answer 36

holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

Question 37

Codon

Answer 37

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Question 38

5' to 3'.

Answer 38

In the translation, the reading is always from what prime.

Question 39

Methionine

Answer 39

AUG codes for what amino acid

Question 40

6th from glutamate to valine

Answer 40

In sickle cell anemia what position of amino acid is changed?