Molecular Biology

Question 1

annealing or hybridization

Answer 1

the binding of two complementary strands of DNA

Question 2

melting or denaturation

Answer 2

the separation of two complementary strands of DNA

Question 3

Which of the following is/are true about dsDNA
I. If the amount of G in a double helix is known, the amount of C can be calculated
II. If the fraction of purine nucleotides and the total molecular weight of a double helix are known, the amount of cytosine can be calculated
III. The two chains in a piece of dsDNA containing mostly purines will be bonded together more tightly than the two chains in a piece of dsDNA containing mostly pyrimidines
IV.The oligonucleotide ATGTAT is complementary to the oligonucleotide ATACAT

Answer 3

I and IV

Question 4

DNA gyrase

Answer 4

enzyme in prokaryotes that twist circular DNA into supercoils

Question 5

Histones

Answer 5

globular proteins that DNA will wrap around

Question 6

Nucleosomes

Answer 6

DNA wrapped around an octomer of histones

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

fully packed DNA composed of closely stacked nucleosomes

Question 8

Heterochromatin

Answer 8

appear dark when stained, dense region of repeats

Question 9

Euchromatin

Answer 9

appear light when stained, less dense region that makes DNA more accessible to enzymes and proteins

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

region of the chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell division

Question 11

Kinetochores

Answer 11

multiprotein subunits that act as anchor attachment sites for spindle fibers

Question 12

Telomeres

Answer 12

the ends of linear chromosomes

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

the process of reading DNA and writing the information as RNA

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

the synthesis of proteins using mRNA as a template by the ribosome

Question 15

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 15

DNA -> RNA -> protein