Molecular bio week 2

Question 1

Do all cells have the same genome, transcriptome and proteome?

Answer 1

Genome same, transcriptome and proteome different

Question 2

housekeeping genes

Answer 2

genes for maintenance of basic cellular function

Question 3

specialized genes

Answer 3

genes that make neurons, muscle cells

Question 4

Finely tunes gene

Answer 4

very tightly regulated genes

Question 5

Levels of gene regulation

Answer 5

1. transcriptional control
2. RNA processing control
3. RNA transport and localization control
4. translation control
5. mRNA degradation control
6. protein activity control

Question 6

Heterochromatin

Answer 6

tightly packed version of chromatin, not transcriptionally active

Question 7

Euchromatin

Answer 7

looser chromatin, more transcriptionally active

Question 8

Nucleosome

Answer 8

comprised of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Question 9

What attaches to mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Answer 9

centromere

Question 10

Why is chromatin structure dynamic?

Answer 10

chromatin structure is dynamic so it can be accessed

Question 11

How is dynamic different from conserved?

Answer 11

Dynamic is different from conserved in that the structure is always changing whereas the sequence is conserved

Question 12

HAT

Answer 12

adds acetyl groups, make more transcriptionally active

Question 13

HDAC

Answer 13

removes acetyl groups, represses transcription

Question 14

What determines which DNA strand is used for transcription?

Answer 14

Promoter determines which strand is used

Question 15

RNA pol I

Answer 15

transcribes ribosomal RNA genes

Question 16

RNA pol II

Answer 16

transcribes protein-coding (mRNA) and snRNA genes

Question 17

RNA pol III

Answer 17

transcribes tRNA and other short genes

Question 18

alpha-amantin

Answer 18

strongly inhibits RNA pol II

Question 19

actinomycin D

Answer 19

anticancer drug that inhibits RNA Pol II

Question 20

Rifampin

Answer 20

inhibits mitrochondrial RNA

Question 21

TFIID - TBP

Answer 21

recognizes TATA box

Question 22

TFIID - TAF

Answer 22

regulates DNA binding by TBP

recognizes other DNA sequences near the transcription start pt

Question 23

TFIIB

Answer 23

recognizes BRE element in promoters

positions RNA pol at start site of transcription

Question 24

TFIIF

Answer 24

stabilizes RNA pol interaction with TBP and TFIIB

Question 25

TFIIE

Answer 25

attract and regulates TFIIH

Question 26

TFIIH

Answer 26

unwinds DNA at the transcription start point, phosphorylates Ser5 of the RNA polymerase CTD (carboxy terminal domain) releases RNA pol from promoter

Question 27

Promoter

Answer 27

sequence that surrounds the TATA box that attracts the RNA pol and initiates transcription

Question 28

enhancer

Answer 28

short region of DNA that can be bound with protein (activators) to activate transcription of gene or genes can be about several Kb away from start site

Question 29

UsnRNP

Answer 29

involved in splicesome complex

Question 30

cryptic splice site

Answer 30

a site whose sequence resembles an authentic splice site and which might be selected instead of the authentic site during aberrant splicing

Question 31

SR proteins

Answer 31

serine/arginine proteins involved in selecting splice sites

Question 32

Poly A binding protein

Answer 32

PABP binds to the tail and interacts with the 5' cap complex by making a circular mRNA

Question 33

What are the 2 components of a genetic switch

Answer 33

transcriptional activators that turn on gene expression transcriptional repressors that turn off gene expression

Question 34

DNA binding domain

Answer 34

binds to enhancers (allows the factor to sit near specific promoter) This ensures that transcription will be activated from this promoter and not from other promoters

Question 35

Dimerization domain

Answer 35

these are protein protein interaction domains Eukaryotic promoters generally require joint action of multiple factors that often interact with one another via these domains. these domains can allow dimerization of identical or non-identical subunits

Question 36

Activation domain

Answer 36

domain that "shakes hands" (activates) with the RNA pol