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Block 1 > Molecular bio week 2 > Flashcards

Molecular bio week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Do all cells have the same genome, transcriptome and proteome?

A

Genome same, transcriptome and proteome different

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2
Q

housekeeping genes

A

genes for maintenance of basic cellular function

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3
Q

specialized genes

A

genes that make neurons, muscle cells

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4
Q

Finely tunes gene

A

very tightly regulated genes

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5
Q

Levels of gene regulation

A
  1. transcriptional control
  2. RNA processing control
  3. RNA transport and localization control
  4. translation control
  5. mRNA degradation control
  6. protein activity control
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6
Q

Heterochromatin

A

tightly packed version of chromatin, not transcriptionally active

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7
Q

Euchromatin

A

looser chromatin, more transcriptionally active

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8
Q

Nucleosome

A

comprised of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

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9
Q

What attaches to mitotic spindle during mitosis?

A

centromere

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10
Q

Why is chromatin structure dynamic?

A

chromatin structure is dynamic so it can be accessed

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11
Q

How is dynamic different from conserved?

A

Dynamic is different from conserved in that the structure is always changing whereas the sequence is conserved

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12
Q

HAT

A

adds acetyl groups, make more transcriptionally active

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13
Q

HDAC

A

removes acetyl groups, represses transcription

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14
Q

What determines which DNA strand is used for transcription?

A

Promoter determines which strand is used

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15
Q

RNA pol I

A

transcribes ribosomal RNA genes

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16
Q

RNA pol II

A

transcribes protein-coding (mRNA) and snRNA genes

17
Q

RNA pol III

A

transcribes tRNA and other short genes

18
Q

alpha-amantin

A

strongly inhibits RNA pol II

19
Q

actinomycin D

A

anticancer drug that inhibits RNA Pol II

20
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibits mitrochondrial RNA

21
Q

TFIID - TBP

A

recognizes TATA box

22
Q

TFIID - TAF

A

regulates DNA binding by TBP

recognizes other DNA sequences near the transcription start pt

23
Q

TFIIB

A

recognizes BRE element in promoters

positions RNA pol at start site of transcription

24
Q

TFIIF

A

stabilizes RNA pol interaction with TBP and TFIIB

25
Q

TFIIE

A

attract and regulates TFIIH

26
Q

TFIIH

A

unwinds DNA at the transcription start point, phosphorylates Ser5 of the RNA polymerase CTD (carboxy terminal domain) releases RNA pol from promoter

27
Q

Promoter

A

sequence that surrounds the TATA box that attracts the RNA pol and initiates transcription

28
Q

enhancer

A

short region of DNA that can be bound with protein (activators) to activate transcription of gene or genes

can be about several Kb away from start site

29
Q

UsnRNP

A

involved in splicesome complex

30
Q

cryptic splice site

A

a site whose sequence resembles an authentic splice site and which might be selected instead of the authentic site during aberrant splicing

31
Q

SR proteins

A

serine/arginine proteins involved in selecting splice sites

32
Q

Poly A binding protein

A

PABP binds to the tail and interacts with the 5’ cap complex by making a circular mRNA

33
Q

What are the 2 components of a genetic switch

A

transcriptional activators that turn on gene expression

transcriptional repressors that turn off gene expression

34
Q

DNA binding domain

A

binds to enhancers (allows the factor to sit near specific promoter) This ensures that transcription will be activated from this promoter and not from other promoters

35
Q

Dimerization domain

A

these are protein protein interaction domains
Eukaryotic promoters generally require joint action of multiple factors that often interact with one another via these domains.
these domains can allow dimerization of identical or non-identical subunits

36
Q

Activation domain

A

domain that “shakes hands” (activates) with the RNA pol

Block 1 (9 decks)

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