Molecular Basis for Genetics

Question 1

Soma:

Answer 1

All cells have diploid DNA; identical

Question 2

Germline:

Answer 2

gametes have haploid DNA; different

Question 3

Soma Nuclear DNA is

Answer 3

Diploid; 2 chromosome sets, different set from each parent

Question 4

Soma Mitochondrial DNA is

Answer 4

small circular genome; variable copy number

Question 5

Germline Nuclear DNA is

Answer 5

haploid; 1 chromosome set; different from parent cells and each other

Question 6

Germline Mitochondrial DNA is

Answer 6

inherited via egg only. Males do not contribute

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

genetic make-up of a cell or individual; refers to specific copy number and/or alleles of genes present

Question 8

Phenotype:

Answer 8

a cell or individual’s observable or measurable traits

Question 9

Gene Expression is

Answer 9

turning on (alleles of) a gene to produce its product

Question 10

Gene expression pattern:

Answer 10

the particular set of (alleles of) genes that is turned on or off in a given context

Question 11

What do genes produce?

Answer 11

RNA and Protein

Question 12

DNA is made of just 3 types of Chemical compounds:

Answer 12

1) Nitrogenous Bases
2) Deoxyribose sugar
3) Phosphate

Question 13

2 classes of Bases are

Answer 13

1) Purines
2) Pyrimidines

Question 14

Purines are and include

Answer 14

double-ring structures; adenine and guanine

Question 15

Pyrimidines are and include

Answer 15

sing-ring structures; cytosine and thymine

Question 16

Chargaff’s Rules

Answer 16

1) amount of purines = amount of pyrimidines
2) amount of T = A, amount of G = C

Question 17

Complementary Bases:

Answer 17

each DNA base only pairs with one another, A-T and G-C

Question 18

How many hydrogen bons hold A-T together

Answer 18

2

Question 19

How many hydrogen bons hold G-C together

Answer 19

3

Question 20

The backbone is alternating phosphate and sugars linked by phosphodiester bonds. True or False?

Answer 20

True