Molec Gen Flashcards
composition of DNA (general sense)
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small portion genes (3%), the rest structural, regulatory, or unknown
codon
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3 nucleotide bases; code for certain amino acid; multiple codons for same AA possible
mutation
change in what? effect? - - - - - 1 nucleotide base; may or may not change phenotype
proteins
2 types, fxn, examples - - - - - structural & enzymatic; structural make up protein-based tissues, enzymatic make it possible for non-protein structures to be made; keratin is the protein essential for hair, amylase is an enzymatic protein that breaks down starch into glucose
gene to protein
major steps, other steps after - - - - - transcription, translation; protein modification/transport (then protein is active)
reconcile ~20,000 genes with ~200,000 proteins made from genes
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RNA splicing (introns removed from RNA strand); protein modification
transcription
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copying, but changing to different medium–DNA info is copied to RNA medium (mRNA), same nucleotide language; promoter-binding (RNA polym to promoter), separation (of strands by RNA polym), synthesis (of mRNA), reunion (of strands)
intron vs exon
spliced out or no? - - - - - intron: out (always); exon: left behind (usually)
translation
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change communication to other language–RNA info changed into protein, nucleotide language to amino acid language; transportation (of amino acids to ribosome by tRNAs), detachment (of AA from tRNA by ribosome), synthesis (of protein by linking of AAs by ribosome)
amino acid sources
2 sources - - - - - from diet; synthesized in body
inheritance
major kinds - - - - - parent-->child; parent cell-->daughter cells
DNA synthesis
2 characteristics - - - - - single (entire DNA copied only once per cell cycle), inaccurate (replication errors happen, and provide diverse phenotypes)
