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Molec Bio > Molec Bio > Flashcards

Molec Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

One base pair of Dna has average molecular weight of __ daltons

A

660

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2
Q

The sugar part of Rna is called

A

Ribose

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3
Q

Proteins make up _% of eukaryotic cell’s weight

A

20%

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4
Q

In Dna structure the energy of hydrogen bonding holds

A

The complimentary bases

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5
Q

Function of tRNA

A

Carries each amino acid to the ribosome

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6
Q

In humans there are __ cell types

A

320

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7
Q

What is transcription

A

DNA sequence copied to an mRNA

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8
Q

In eukaryotic cells, what enzyme is required for transcription of mRNA

A

RNA polymerase

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9
Q

The central dogma

A

Flow of information from DNA through RNA to protein

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10
Q

Polymerase chain reaction PCR is performed to

A

Amplify DNA

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11
Q

During reverse transcriptase PCR

A

mRNA is converted to cDNA

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12
Q

The PCR amplification plot follows the graphical curve of 2prime, where n is

A

The number of cycles

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13
Q

The enzyme DNA polymerase can

A

Only extend annealed primers

The enzyme can be inactivated by 4 degrees Celsius

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14
Q

Applications of PCR

A

Detection of pathogens
Paternity testing
Cloning
Gene expression analyses

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15
Q

Limitations of basic PCR

A

False positivity
Inability to distinguish between live and dead pathogens
High equipment cost

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16
Q

In real time PCR the quantity of amplicons in the exponential phase of the PCR is proportional to

A

The amount of initial template DNA (starting material)

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17
Q

The temperature at which the template DNA strands are separated at 95 degrees Celsius is called

A

Denaturation temp

18
Q

Inverse PCR refers to

A

The primers are oriented in opposite directions to each other on the original template

19
Q

The high sensitivity of PCR is one reason to be cautious because

A

There is a high risk of false positive results if work environments are contaminated

20
Q

Steps to PCR amplification

A

Denaturing
Annealing
Extending

21
Q

Who invented the first small pox vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

22
Q

Define genome

A

Full set of chromosomes

23
Q

What was the first genome to be sequenced

A

Bacteriophage f-x174

24
Q

What is not involved in the regulation of gene expression

A

Ribosomal synthesis

25
Q

Promoters refer to

A

Regions in the genome that facilitate gene expression

26
Q

A full length mRNA isolated from e.coli would differ from a full length mRNA isolated from a mouse in that

A

The e.coli isolate contains no introns

27
Q

Polyadenylation of mRNA is a characteristic of

A

Eukaryotes

28
Q

In signal transduction, the response of a cell to a particular stimulus is the result of

A

The specificity of the stimulus and the specificity of the receptor on the cell

29
Q

Polycistronic mRNA

A

Contains information for more than one gene

Is a feature of prokaryotes not eukaryotes

30
Q

Completed transcription and translation are features of

A

Prokaryotes

31
Q

Not a type of intercellular signaling

A

Thermocrine

32
Q

The ___ operon consists of three genes each involved in processing the sugar ___

A

Lac

Lactose

33
Q

Acts as a go or stop signal for transcription of the structural genes

A

Operator

34
Q

A functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter

A

Operon

35
Q

Examples of mutation diseases

A

Sickle cell disease
Huntingtons disease
Multiple skin cancers

36
Q

Somatic mutations can lead to

A

Disease (cancer)

37
Q

Germ line mutations can lead to

A

Birth defects

38
Q

4 ways bacteria can change genetically

A

Mutation, transformations, transduction, conjugation

39
Q

DNA sequences in the vicinity of the structural portion of a gene that are required for gene expression

A

Cis- acting elements

40
Q

Factors, usually considered to be proteins , that bind to the cis-acting sequences to control gene expression

A

Trans acting factors

41
Q

DNA cloning /gene cloning involves:

A

Plasmids
Inserts
Enzymes
Host cell

42
Q

The nucleus of human cells contains __ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

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