Molec Bio Flashcards
One base pair of Dna has average molecular weight of __ daltons
660
The sugar part of Rna is called
Ribose
Proteins make up _% of eukaryotic cell’s weight
20%
In Dna structure the energy of hydrogen bonding holds
The complimentary bases
Function of tRNA
Carries each amino acid to the ribosome
In humans there are __ cell types
320
What is transcription
DNA sequence copied to an mRNA
In eukaryotic cells, what enzyme is required for transcription of mRNA
RNA polymerase
The central dogma
Flow of information from DNA through RNA to protein
Polymerase chain reaction PCR is performed to
Amplify DNA
During reverse transcriptase PCR
mRNA is converted to cDNA
The PCR amplification plot follows the graphical curve of 2prime, where n is
The number of cycles
The enzyme DNA polymerase can
Only extend annealed primers
The enzyme can be inactivated by 4 degrees Celsius
Applications of PCR
Detection of pathogens
Paternity testing
Cloning
Gene expression analyses
Limitations of basic PCR
False positivity
Inability to distinguish between live and dead pathogens
High equipment cost
In real time PCR the quantity of amplicons in the exponential phase of the PCR is proportional to
The amount of initial template DNA (starting material)
The temperature at which the template DNA strands are separated at 95 degrees Celsius is called
Denaturation temp
Inverse PCR refers to
The primers are oriented in opposite directions to each other on the original template
The high sensitivity of PCR is one reason to be cautious because
There is a high risk of false positive results if work environments are contaminated
Steps to PCR amplification
Denaturing
Annealing
Extending
Who invented the first small pox vaccine
Edward Jenner
Define genome
Full set of chromosomes
What was the first genome to be sequenced
Bacteriophage f-x174
What is not involved in the regulation of gene expression
Ribosomal synthesis
Promoters refer to
Regions in the genome that facilitate gene expression
A full length mRNA isolated from e.coli would differ from a full length mRNA isolated from a mouse in that
The e.coli isolate contains no introns
Polyadenylation of mRNA is a characteristic of
Eukaryotes
In signal transduction, the response of a cell to a particular stimulus is the result of
The specificity of the stimulus and the specificity of the receptor on the cell
Polycistronic mRNA
Contains information for more than one gene
Is a feature of prokaryotes not eukaryotes
Completed transcription and translation are features of
Prokaryotes
Not a type of intercellular signaling
Thermocrine
The ___ operon consists of three genes each involved in processing the sugar ___
Lac
Lactose
Acts as a go or stop signal for transcription of the structural genes
Operator
A functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter
Operon
Examples of mutation diseases
Sickle cell disease
Huntingtons disease
Multiple skin cancers
Somatic mutations can lead to
Disease (cancer)
Germ line mutations can lead to
Birth defects
4 ways bacteria can change genetically
Mutation, transformations, transduction, conjugation
DNA sequences in the vicinity of the structural portion of a gene that are required for gene expression
Cis- acting elements
Factors, usually considered to be proteins , that bind to the cis-acting sequences to control gene expression
Trans acting factors
DNA cloning /gene cloning involves:
Plasmids
Inserts
Enzymes
Host cell
The nucleus of human cells contains __ pairs of chromosomes
23
