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Science 10/19/2023 > Moh's Hardness Scale > Flashcards

Moh's Hardness Scale Flashcards

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1
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 1

A

Talc

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2
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 2

A

Gypsum

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3
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 3

A

Calcite

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4
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 4

A

Flourite

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5
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 5

A

Apatite

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6
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 6

A

Orthoclase Feldspar

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7
Q

Mohs Harness Scale 7

A

Quartz

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8
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 8

A

Topaz

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9
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 9

A

Corundum

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10
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale 10

A

Diamond

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11
Q

Mnemonic for Mohs Hardness Scale

A

Ten Green Cows Fly Around Our Quiet Tiny Country Dwellings

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12
Q

Define Matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

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13
Q

What are the three states of matter

A

Solid: definite shape and size
Liquid: indefinite shape, definite size
Gas: indefinite shape, indefinite size and unionized.
Plasma: indefinite shape, indefinite size, ionized.

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14
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Flammability, reactivity, explosiveness, unflammability. Must change to observe.

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15
Q

Physical property

A

mass, volume, color, temperature. Can observe through measurement.

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16
Q

States of matter

A

S, L equals melting
L, S equals melting
L, G equals boiling
G, L equals condensation
S, G equals sublimation
G, S equals deposition

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17
Q

examples of physical changes

A

Changes in state of (matter, boiling, condensation, freezing, melting, sublimation, deposition)
changes in size (ripping, tearing, breaking, dissolving)

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18
Q

Examples of chemical changes

A

fizzing, change and odor, changing texture, changing color, production of heat/cooling effect/light

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19
Q

Changes in rocks

A

minerals inside of rocks can go through many changes due to their environment:
chemical changes – changes in the chemical arrangement of rocks
Physical changes – changes in the size, shape, or state of matter of the rocks

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20
Q

types of substances

A

Pure substance, elements, Compound

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21
Q

mixtures

A

Homogeneous mixtures – solutions – uniform throughout (difficult to separate)
Genius, mixtures – non-uniform composition (easily identifiable, separate portions, easily separated)
No: when substances are mixed, they blend their properties

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22
Q

Tricky mixtures

A

Call Lloyd, alloys, solution, suspension

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23
Q

Colloid

A

A heterogeneous mixture that can only be distinguished by looking through a microscope (jello, blood, milk, fog)

24
Q

Alloy

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals (brass, 14 karat gold pewter, steel)

25
Q

Solution

A

when solids, liquids, or gases are dissolved into each other (homogeneous)

26
Q

suspension

A

went two or more substances mixed, but then separate overtime (muddy water, and water and oil

27
Q

separation techniques for mixtures

A

Distillation, centrifugation, chromatography, magnetism, filtration, evaporation, manual separation

28
Q

distillation

A

Used to separate substances of different boiling points

29
Q

Centrifugation

A

Used to separate substances based on their densities

30
Q

Chromatography

A

Used to separate substances based on how fast they diffuse through an apparatus

31
Q

Magnetisum

A

use to separate magnetic, and non-magnetic substances

32
Q

filtration

A

Separates solids from liquids

33
Q

Evaporation

A

Separates a solid that is dissolved into a liquid

34
Q

manual separation

A

Picking things out by hand

35
Q

minerals versus rocks

A

– Minerals are chemical compounds or elements that occur naturally in their solid form on earth
– Rocks are solid combinations of one or more minerals

36
Q

minerals

A

Minerals are pure substances, but maybe either elements or compounds, but must be solids
– Gold is an element and salt is a compound
Minerals are created from the cooling of lava or magma. This is required.
Rocks can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

37
Q

mineral properties

A

Streak, hardness, luster, reactivity, cleavage/fracture, magnetism

38
Q

streak

A

Minerals are crushed, and their true color is analyzed by spreading the crushed minerals across an unglazed porcelain plate

39
Q

hardness

A

Ability of a mineral to resist scratching

40
Q

luster

A

The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral

41
Q

reactivity

A

What the mineral reacts with?

42
Q

cleavage/fracture

A

How the mineral breaks

43
Q

magnetism

A

Whether or not the mineral is attracted to magnets

44
Q

MOHS, hardness scale

A

Talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond: 10 green cows fly around our quiet, tiny country dwelling

45
Q

Cleavage versus fracture

A

Cleavage: smooth
Fracture: jagged

46
Q

luster

A

Metallic, dull, vitreous, pearly

47
Q

The atom

A
  • Atoms are made of protons, different elements, are distinguished by the number of protons they have
  • Neutrons add mass to the atom and provide a barrier between the protons
  • electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons
48
Q

The locations

A

Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons orbit, the atom in the “ electron cloud”

49
Q

The atomic number Z

A

It tells us the number of protons and the number of protons identifies the chemical symbol

50
Q

mass number A

A
  • equation: #P^+ + #N^0
  • The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons added together
  • Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
  • Therefore, atoms of the same element will have the same Z but a different a
51
Q

charge C

A
  • charge describes how many more or fewer protons are in the atom than electrons
  • charged atoms are called ions
  • c= #p^+ - #e^-
52
Q

Isotope notation

A

A: mass number
Z: atomic number
C: charge
x: Chemical symbol

53
Q

Isotope notation number two

A

We can also write isotopes as the following: number of element – mass number, example, 12 C equals carbon – 12

54
Q

whats a pure substance

A

– Pure substance: contains a single kind of material

55
Q

element

A

– Element, primary constituent of matter (cannot be chemically changed into a different form, found on the periodic table)

56
Q

what is a compound

A
  • Compound: made of two or more elements in a fixed ratio (can be separated into simpler substances via chemical reaction, properties differ from parent elements and differ, depending on what other elements they are paired with, different compounds can have the same types of elements, but different ratios)

Science 10/19/2023 (1 decks)

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