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Networks and Communications > Modules 4 – 7 > Flashcards

Modules 4 – 7 Flashcards

Ethernet Concepts

1
Q

What is the purpose of the OSI physical layer?

  • controlling access to media
  • transmitting bits across the local media
  • performing error detection on received frames
  • exchanging frames between nodes over physical network media
A
  • transmitting bits across the local media
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2
Q

Why are two strands of fiber used for a single fiber optic connection?

  • The two strands allow the data to travel for longer distances without degrading.
  • They prevent crosstalk from causing interference on the connection.
  • They increase the speed at which the data can travel.
  • They allow for full-duplex connectivity.
A
  • They allow for full-duplex connectivity.
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3
Q

Which characteristic describes crosstalk?

  • the distortion of the network signal from fluorescent lighting
  • the distortion of the transmitted messages from signals carried in adjacent wires
  • the weakening of the network signal over long cable lengths
  • the loss of wireless signal over excessive distance from the access point
A
  • the distortion of the transmitted messages from signals carried in adjacent wires
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4
Q

Which procedure is used to reduce the effect of crosstalk in copper cables?

  • requiring proper grounding connections
  • twisting opposing circuit wire pairs together
  • wrapping the bundle of wires with metallic shielding
  • designing a cable infrastructure to avoid crosstalk interference
  • avoiding sharp bends during installation
A
  • twisting opposing circuit wire pairs together
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5
Q

A network administrator is measuring the transfer of bits across the company backbone for a mission critical financial application. The administrator notices that the network throughput appears lower than the bandwidth expected. Which three factors could influence the differences in throughput? (Choose three.)

  • the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
  • the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
  • the type of traffic that is crossing the network
  • the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
  • the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
  • the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
A
  • the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
  • the type of traffic that is crossing the network
  • the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
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6
Q

What are two characteristics of fiber-optic cable? (Choose two.)

  • It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
  • Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
  • It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
  • It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
  • It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
A
  • It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
  • It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
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7
Q

What is a primary role of the Physical layer in transmitting data on the network?

  • create the signals that represent the bits in each frame on to the media
  • provide physical addressing to the devices
  • determine the path packets take through the network
  • control data access to the media
A
  • create the signals that represent the bits in each frame on to the media
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8
Q

With the use of unshielded twisted-pair copper wire in a network, what causes crosstalk within the cable pairs?

  • the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire
  • the use of braided wire to shield the adjacent wire pairs
  • the reflection of the electrical wave back from the far end of the cable
  • the collision caused by two nodes trying to use the media simultaneously
A
  • the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wire
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9
Q

In addition to the cable length, what two factors could interfere with the communication carried over UTP cables? (Choose two.)

  • crosstalk
  • bandwidth
  • size of the network
  • signal modulation technique
  • electromagnetic interference
A
  • crosstalk
  • electromagnetic interference
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10
Q

Which two devices commonly affect wireless networks? (Choose two.)

  • Blu-ray players
  • home theaters
  • cordless phones
  • microwaves
  • incandescent light bulbs
  • external hard drives
A
  • cordless phones
  • microwaves
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11
Q

Which two statements describe the services provided by the data link layer? (Choose two.)

  • It defines the end-to-end delivery addressing scheme.
  • It maintains the path between the source and destination devices during the data transmission.
  • It manages the access of frames to the network media.
  • It provides reliable delivery through link establishment and flow control.
  • It ensures that application data will be transmitted according to the prioritization.
  • It packages various Layer 3 PDUs into a frame format that is compatible with the network interface.
A
  • It manages the access of frames to the network media.
  • It packages various Layer 3 PDUs into a frame format that is compatible with the network interface.
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12
Q

What is the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame?

  • to verify the integrity of the received frame
  • to verify the physical address in the frame
  • to verify the logical address in the frame
  • to compute the checksum header for the data field in the frame
A
  • to verify the integrity of the received frame
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13
Q

What is contained in the trailer of a data-link frame?

  • logical address
  • physical address
  • data
  • error detection
A
  • error detection
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14
Q

Which statement describes a characteristic of the frame header fields of the data link layer?

  • They all include the flow control and logical connection fields.
  • Ethernet frame header fields contain Layer 3 source and destination addresses.
  • They vary depending on protocols.
  • They include information on user applications.
A
  • They vary depending on protocols.
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15
Q

A network team is comparing physical WAN topologies for connecting remote sites to a headquarters building. Which topology provides high availability and connects some, but not all, remote sites?

  • mesh
  • partial mesh
  • hub and spoke
  • point-to-point
A
  • partial mesh
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16
Q

Which two fields or features does Ethernet examine to determine if a received frame is passed to the data link layer or discarded by the NIC? (Choose two.)

  • auto-MDIX
  • CEF
  • Frame Check Sequence
  • minimum frame size
  • source MAC address
A
  • Frame Check Sequence
  • minimum frame size
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17
Q

Which media communication type does not require media arbitration in the data link layer?

  • deterministic
  • half-duplex
  • full-duplex
  • controlled access
A
  • full-duplex
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18
Q

Which statement describes an extended star topology?

  • End devices connect to a central intermediate device, which in turn connects to other central intermediate devices.
  • End devices are connected together by a bus and each bus connects to a central intermediate device.
  • Each end system is connected to its respective neighbor via an intermediate device.
  • All end and intermediate devices are connected in a chain to each other.
A
  • End devices connect to a central intermediate device, which in turn connects to other central intermediate devices.
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19
Q

What is a characteristic of the LLC sublayer?

  • It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
  • It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
  • It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
  • It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
A
  • It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
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20
Q

What are three ways that media access control is used in networking? (Choose three.)

  • Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD.
  • Media access control provides placement of data frames onto the media.
  • Contention-based access is also known as deterministic.
  • 802.11 utilizes CSMA/CD.
  • Data link layer protocols define the rules for access to different media.
  • Networks with controlled access have reduced performance due to data collisions.
A
  • Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD.
  • Media access control provides placement of data frames onto the media.
  • Data link layer protocols define the rules for access to different media.
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21
Q

During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer for a PC connected to an Ethernet network?

  • An IP address is added.
  • The logical address is added.
  • The physical address is added.
  • The process port number is added.
A
  • The physical address is added.
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22
Q

What three items are contained in an Ethernet header and trailer? (Choose three.)

  • source IP address
  • source MAC address
  • destination IP address
  • destination MAC address
  • error-checking information
A
  • source MAC address
  • destination MAC address
  • error-checking information
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23
Q

What type of communication rule would best describe CSMA/CD?

  • access method
  • flow control
  • message encapsulation
  • message encoding
A
  • access method
24
Q

Which three basic parts are common to all frame types supported by the data link layer? (Choose three.)

  • header
  • type field
  • MTU size
  • data
  • trailer
  • CRC value
A
  • header
  • data
  • trailer
25
Q

Which statement is true about the CSMA/CD access method that is used in Ethernet?

  • When a device hears a carrier signal and transmits, a collision cannot occur.
  • A jamming signal causes only devices that caused the collision to execute a backoff algorithm.
  • All network devices must listen before transmitting.
  • Devices involved in a collision get priority to transmit after the backoff period.
A
  • All network devices must listen before transmitting.
26
Q

What is the auto-MDIX feature on a switch?

  • the automatic configuration of an interface for 10/100/1000 Mb/s operation
  • the automatic configuration of an interface for a straight-through or a crossover Ethernet cable connection
  • the automatic configuration of full-duplex operation over a single Ethernet copper or optical cable
  • the ability to turn a switch interface on or off accordingly if an active connection is detected
A
  • the automatic configuration of an interface for a straight-through or a crossover Ethernet cable connection
27
Q

A Layer 2 switch is used to switch incoming frames from a 1000BASE-T port to a port connected to a 100Base-T network. Which method of memory buffering would work best for this task?

  • port-based buffering
  • level 1 cache buffering
  • shared memory buffering
  • fixed configuration buffering
A
  • shared memory buffering
28
Q

What are two examples of the cut-through switching method? (Choose two.)

  • store-and-forward switching
  • fast-forward switching
  • CRC switching
  • fragment-free switching
  • QOS switching
A
  • fast-forward switching
  • fragment-free switching
29
Q

Which frame forwarding method receives the entire frame and performs a CRC check to detect errors before forwarding the frame?

  • cut-through switching
  • store-and-forward switching
  • fragment-free switching
  • fast-forward switching
A
  • store-and-forward switching
30
Q

What is the purpose of the FCS field in a frame?

  • to obtain the MAC address of the sending node
  • to verify the logical address of the sending node
  • to compute the CRC header for the data field
  • to determine if errors occurred in the transmission and reception
A
  • to determine if errors occurred in the transmission and reception
31
Q

Which switching method has the lowest level of latency?

  • cut-through
  • store-and-forward
  • fragment-free
  • fast-forward
A
  • fast-forward
32
Q

A network administrator is connecting two modern switches using a straight-through cable. The switches are new and have never been configured. Which three statements are correct about the final result of the connection? (Choose three.)

  • The link between the switches will work at the fastest speed that is supported by both switches.
  • The link between switches will work as full-duplex.
  • If both switches support different speeds, they will each work at their own fastest speed.
  • The auto-MDIX feature will configure the interfaces eliminating the need for a crossover cable.
  • The connection will not be possible unless the administrator changes the cable to a crossover cable.
  • The duplex capability has to be manually configured because it cannot be negotiated.
A
  • The link between the switches will work at the fastest speed that is supported by both switches.
  • The link between switches will work as full-duplex.
  • The auto-MDIX feature will configure the interfaces eliminating the need for a crossover cable.
33
Q

Which advantage does the store-and-forward switching method have compared with the cut-through switching method?

  • collision detecting
  • frame error checking
  • faster frame forwarding
  • frame forwarding using IPv4 Layer 3 and 4 information
A
  • frame error checking
34
Q

When the store-and-forward method of switching is in use, what part of the Ethernet frame is used to perform an error check?

  • CRC in the trailer
  • source MAC address in the header
  • destination MAC address in the header
  • protocol type in the header
A
  • CRC in the trailer
35
Q

Which switching method uses the CRC value in a frame?

  • cut-through
  • fast-forward
  • fragment-free
  • store-and-forward
A
  • store-and-forward
36
Q

What are two actions performed by a Cisco switch? (Choose two.)

  • building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
  • using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
  • forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
  • utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
  • examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
A
  • using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
  • utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
37
Q

Which two statements describe features or functions of the logical link control sublayer in Ethernet standards? (Choose two.)

  • Logical link control is implemented in software.
  • Logical link control is specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
  • The LLC sublayer adds a header and a trailer to the data.
  • The data link layer uses LLC to communicate with the upper layers of the protocol suite.
  • The LLC sublayer is responsible for the placement and retrieval of frames on and off the media.
A
  • Logical link control is implemented in software.
  • The data link layer uses LLC to communicate with the upper layers of the protocol suite.
38
Q

What is the auto-MDIX feature?

  • It enables a device to automatically configure an interface to use a straight-through or a crossover cable.
  • It enables a device to automatically configure the duplex settings of a segment.
  • It enables a device to automatically configure the speed of its interface.
  • It enables a switch to dynamically select the forwarding method.
A
  • It enables a device to automatically configure an interface to use a straight-through or a crossover cable.
39
Q

What is one advantage of using the cut-through switching method instead of the store-and-forward switching method?

  • has a positive impact on bandwidth by dropping most of the invalid frames
  • makes a fast forwarding decision based on the source MAC address of the frame
  • has a lower latency appropriate for high-performance computing applications​
  • provides the flexibility to support any mix of Ethernet speeds
A
  • has a lower latency appropriate for high-performance computing applications​
40
Q

Which is a multicast MAC address?

  • FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
  • 5C-26-0A-4B-19-3E
  • 01-00-5E-00-00-03
  • 00-26-0F-4B-00-3E
A
  • 01-00-5E-00-00-03
41
Q

What does the term “attenuation” mean in data communication?

  • loss of signal strength as distance increases
  • time for a signal to reach its destination
  • leakage of signals from one cable pair to another
  • strengthening of a signal by a networking device
A
  • loss of signal strength as distance increases
42
Q

What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three.)

  • greater distances per cable run
  • lower installation cost
  • limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
  • durable connections
  • greater bandwidth potential
  • easily terminated
A
  • greater distances per cable run
  • limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
  • greater bandwidth potential
43
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the process by which one wave modifies another wave?

  • modulation
  • IEEE
  • EIA/TIA
  • air
A
  • modulation
44
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the capacity at which a medium can carry data?

  • bandwidth
  • IEEE
  • EIA/TIA
  • air
A
  • bandwidth
45
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the measure of the transfer of bits across a medium over a given period of time?

  • throughput
  • bandwidth
  • latency
  • goodput
A
  • throughput
46
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one point to another?

  • latency
  • bandwidth
  • throughput
  • goodput
A
  • latency
47
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time?

  • goodput
  • fiber-optic cable
  • air
  • copper cable
A
  • goodput
48
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium which uses electrical pulses?

  • copper cable
  • fiber-optic cable
  • air
  • goodput
A
  • copper cable
49
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium that uses the propagation of light?

  • fiber-optic cable
  • goodput
  • latency
  • throughput
A
  • fiber-optic cable
50
Q

What OSI physical layer term describes the physical medium for microwave transmissions?

  • air
  • goodput
  • latency
  • throughput
A
  • air
51
Q

Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.)

  • Enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same network interface and media.
  • Places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.
  • Integrates various physical technologies.
  • Implements a process to delimit fields within a Layer 2 frame.
  • Controls the NIC responsible for sending and receiving data on the physical medium.
A
  • Enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same network interface and media.
  • Places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.
52
Q

Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI data link layer? (Choose two.)

  • Adds Layer 2 control information to network protocol data.
  • Places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.
  • Performs data encapsulation.
  • Controls the NIC responsible for sending and receiving data on the physical medium.
  • Integrates various physical technologies.
A
  • Adds Layer 2 control information to network protocol data.
  • Places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.
53
Q

What action will occur if a switch receives a frame with the destination MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF / 01:00:5E:00:00:D9 ?

  • The switch forwards it out all ports except the ingress port.
  • The switch shares the MAC address table entry with any connected switches.
  • The switch does not forward the frame.
  • The switch sends the frame to a connected router because the destination MAC address is not local.
A
  • The switch forwards it out all ports except the ingress port.
54
Q

What action will occur if a host receives a frame with a destination MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF?

  • The host will process the frame.
  • The host forwards the frame to the router.
  • The host sends the frame to the switch to update the MAC address table.
  • The host forwards the frame to all other hosts.
A
  • The host will process the frame.
55
Q

What action will occur if a switch receives a frame and does have the source MAC address in the MAC table?

  • The switch refreshes the timer on that entry.
  • The switch adds it to its MAC address table associated with the port number.
  • The switch forwards the frame to the associated port.
  • The switch sends the frame to a connected router because the destination MAC address is not local.
A
  • The switch refreshes the timer on that entry.
56
Q

What action will occur if a host receives a frame with a destination MAC address it does not recognize?

  • The host will discard the frame.
  • The host replies to the switch with its own IP address.
  • The host forwards the frame to all other hosts.
  • The host returns the frame to the switch.
A
  • The host will discard the frame.
57
Q

Which type of UTP cable is used to connect a PC to a switch port?

  • console
  • rollover
  • crossover
  • straight-through
A
  • straight-through

Networks and Communications (3 decks)

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