Modules 12-15

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

Genes Genetic Preferences; Prenatal chemical factors; Postnatal chemical factors

Question 2

nurture

Answer 2

General experiential factors; Individuals experiential factors; Traumatic factors

Question 3

continuity vs discontinuity

Answer 3

are we always developing or does it come in spurts

Question 4

infant reflexes

Answer 4

Grasping reflex; Rooting reflex; Sucking reflex; Moro reflex

Question 5

basic emotions

Answer 5

Excitement, anger, fear and joy

Question 6

attachment styles

Answer 6

Secure; Insecure - avoidant; Insecure -anxious

Question 7

3 main parenting styles

Answer 7

Authoritarian; Overly Permissive; Authoritative

Question 8

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 8

High demands and expectations, AND, high
degrees of love and acceptance.
Firm, consistent discipline combined with support and encouragement.
Usually found to be resilient, and have good coping skills.

Question 9

Overly Permissive Parenting Style

Answer 9

The children are basically in charge, rarely (if ever) hear the word no. Little to no boundaries, limitations, or expectations in their world.
Often exhibit a “fake” high self-esteem. When things go their way they feel great, any adversity and they often have a melt-down.
Issues of entitlement, poor self-control

Question 10

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Answer 10

High demands and expectations, my way or the… “You have to earn my love.” (conditional)
Withdrawal of love and affection as behavioral control Result: often compromised self-esteem

Question 11

Schemas

Answer 11

cognitive structures, concepts, templates

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

When present mental patterns or concepts are used in new situations

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

When the child’s thinking processes actually change in order to make new realities work.

Question 14

piagets stages

Answer 14

Sensorimotor, Pre-Operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operations

Question 15

sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

Purposeful movement, Object Permanence

Question 16

pre-operational

Answer 16

Use of Language, Egocentrism

Question 17

concrete operational

Answer 17

conservation, logical thinking, reversibility

Question 18

formal operations

Answer 18

abstract, creative, & hypothetical thought

Question 19

8 stages of development: Stage 1

Answer 19

trust versus mistrust

Question 20

8 stages of development: Stage 2

Answer 20

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 21

8 stages of development: Stage 3

Answer 21

initiative versus guilt

Question 22

8 stages of development: Stage 4

Answer 22

industry versus inferiority

Question 23

8 stages of development: Stage 5

Answer 23

identity versus role confusion

Question 24

8 stages of development: Stage 6

Answer 24

intimacy versus isolation

Question 25

8 stages of development: Stage 7

Answer 25

generativity versus stagnation

Question 26

8 stages of development: Stage 8

Answer 26

integrity versus despair

Question 27

polygenetic characteristics

Answer 27

personal traits or physical properties that are influenced by many genes working in combination

Question 28

teratogen

Answer 28

anything capable of altering fetal development in no heritable ways that cause birth defects

Question 29

power assertions

Answer 29

the use of physical punishment or coercion to enforce child discipline

Question 30

theory of mind

Answer 30

understanding that people have mental states, such as thoughts, beliefs and intentions and that others mental states can be different from ones own

Question 31

zone of proximal development

Answer 31

refers to the range of tasks a child cannot get master alone but that she or he can accomplish with the guidance of a more capable partner

Question 32

scaffolding

Answer 32

the process of adjusting instruction so that it is responsive to a beginners behavior and supports the beginners efforts or understand a problem or gain a mental skill

Question 33

psychosocial dilemma

Answer 33

a conflict between personal impulses and the social world