Modules 1 - 6 Flashcards
The use of the term philosophy is attributed to
Pythagoras
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words:
Philos(love) and sophia(wisdom)
is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
Philosophy
is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society.
Philosophy in simple words
which is derived from the Greek term ethos meaning
“custom,”
is concerned about human conduct.
Ethics
comes from the Greek word aisthetikos, which means
“sensitive” or “perceptive.”
Aesthetics
comes from the Greek word epistēmē, which means
“knowledge.”
Epistemology
is the branch of philosophy that looks into whether there are
rules or principles that govern reasoning.
Logic
literally means “after physics.”
Metaphysics
(570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and
scientist, he was credited with formulating the
Pythagorean theorem.
Pythagoras
(535 BCe to 475 BCE)- He proposed that
everything that exists is based on a higher order
or plan which he called logos
Heraclitus
(460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the
study of the causes of natural phenomena.
Democritus
(412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a known advocate
of living a simple and virtuous life.
Diogenes of Sinope
(341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy
could enable man to live a life of happiness
Epicurus
(470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the
foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was
credited with formulating the Socratic methodmeans of examining a topic by devising a series
of questions that let the learner examine and
analyze his knowledge and views regarding the
topic.
Socrates
(427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates,
he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and
incorporated some of his own ideas into them.
Plato’s most significant ideas included his
Theory of Forms, which proposes that
everything that exist is based on an idea or
template than can only be perceived in the
mind. Plato is also known for his dialectic- a
method of inquiry where two opposing ideas
are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new
knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to
learning was his founding of th
Plato
(384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the
Academy, and was the prominent student of
Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based
on perception and our reality is based on what
we can sense and perceive.
Aristotle
refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns
in systems.
Holistic Thinking
focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
Partial Thinking
refers to a big picture mentality
in which a person recognizes the interconnectedness of
various elements that form larger systems, patterns and
objects.
Holistic Thinking
is a prominent example of holistic thinking
Holistic Medicine
is branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.
Logic
is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things
“beautiful”.
Aesthetics
discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
Epistimology
is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
Ethics
studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the
rights and obligations of citizens.
Political Philosophy
is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.
Metaphysics
is an area in philosophy that understand the human person from a
philosophical perspective.
Philosophy of the Human Person
it refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound
choices and judgment is the intended product of philosophizing
Wisdom
is also sometimes defined in modern contexts as an idea of “truth to self”, or
authenticity.
Truth
are propositions or statement which are observe to be real or truthful
Facts
is a statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true.
Claim
is the clear awareness and understanding of something, since it is true knowing that
we are able to determine what is true.
Knowledge
refers to the acceptance that a statement is true or
that something exists.
Belief
something concrete that can be proven
Facts
is less concrete. It’s a view formed in the mind of a person about a particular issue
Opinion
refers to the human person’s inclinations, feelings, ideas, convictions, and
prejudices or biases.
Attitudinal Aspect
as you know it, is quite complex; thus, you need to discover who you are, what you are capable
of, or what you can become
Life
Human nature has three aspects:
somatic, behavioral, and attitudinal.
refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions,
Identity and actions
Self Awareness
refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own
preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriental and self-directed.
Self Determination
is the result or effect of an action or condition? Philosophers believe that a person acts freely
and with due regard for the consequences of his actions.
Consequence
refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Externality
refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having
an inherent worth or value. “
Dignity
are naturally deficient beings. This means that we are not prepared with the best physical aspects
among all the beings.
Human Person
is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually redefining one’s self which works with our
facticity to create change.
Transcendence
means acting as a mediator (Merriam-Webster). Having a body may prevent us from revealing
what we really want to express.
Intermediary
It is also important to know that transcendence may be applied to present worries by living in the
present.
POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be recognized that the human body, although it
can perform many functions, also has limitations
THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES
mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability) - disabilities (e.g. amputated
leg, deafness) – disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough) – failures and experiences
(e.g. failing a subject)
Body Limitations
socioeconomic status – location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent
neighborhood) - abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse) negative influences (e.g. drug use)
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS
Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new experiences and working on challenges with increasing
levels of difficulty.
OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS
a Western philosopher in the
ancient period once argued that the world is in
constant change
Heraclitus
refers to the contamination of the air in the
atmosphere, which is primarily caused by harmful gases and
toxins released from the smoke of the industrial factories and
the combustion of fossil fuels from our private cars and
vehicles, public transportations facilities, and agricultural
machineries (Veetil, 2012).
Air Pollution
is another environmental problem
that is caused by oil spill, acid rain and other hazardous chemicals that mixed with water (SEPA,
2012).
Water Pollution
is also considered as one of the common
environmental problems we are facing today.
Acid Rain
is one of the most trending
or mostly discussed environmental issues today. refers to an increase in the average
global temperatures.
Climate Change
We can say that most of the
environmental risks mentioned above have both direct and
indirect connection to overpopulation
Overpopulation
refers to the
scientific analysis of the interaction between animals, plants
and their inorganic environment
Haeckel (1866), ecology
was coined by Arne Naess and his colleagues Sigmund Kvaloy and Nils
Faarlund in 1973. affirms the principle that all things in the world have
their intrinsic value
Deep Ecology
as a theory was developed by Murray
Bookchin, who is an American anarchist
and environmentalist. provides
an analysis of the patterns and forms of interrelationships
between the human person and her environment.
Social Ecology
This ecological theory
was developed by Warwick Fox in 1990. explains the tripartite aspects of
human self which gives us the theoretical basis of our
attitude towards our environment.
Transpersonal Ecology
is the most sublime of all human preoccupations. It is the highest good that all
persons struggle to protect (
Freedom
was a French philosopher,
playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and
literary critic
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre
Summary Jean-Paul Sartre’s Existential Freedom
Freedom is existence, Existence comes before essence, and Freedom is absolute
is a philosophical movement known for its inquiry on human existence
Existentialism
