Modules 1-3 Basic Network Connectivity and Communications Flashcards

1
Q

What is:
A host/end-device
Server
Client

and what to they do?

A

Host/end-device:
is every computer on the network

Server:
is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers(end devices), known as clients over a network.

Client:
A desktop computer or workstation that is capable of obtaining information and applications from a server.

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2
Q

What is peer to peer, name some advantages and disadvantages.

A

Each computer works as both a server and a client–supplying and receiving files with bandwidth and processing distributed among all members of the network.

It is easy to set up, less complex, lower cost and used for simple tasks, but this means that there is no sentralized administration, it is not as secure, it is not scalable and it has slower performance.

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3
Q

What are Intermediary Devices (middleboxes), give examples

A

Interconnects end devices. Provide connectivity and work behind the scenes to ensure that data flows across the network.
Examples:
Switches

Routers

Firewalls

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4
Q

Difference between physical and logical topology

A

Physical : Physical location of intermediary devices and cable installation. Where the different devices and cables in the network are and how they are connected.

Logical: Defines the architecture of the communication mechanism for all nodes in a network. How the network is built up but we do not care where they are.

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5
Q

What is LAN and WAN, what are the differences?

A

LAN(Local area network) End devices

Small area, interconnects end devices, administered by organization or individual, provide high speed bandwidth.

Example: home network, office

WAN(Wide area network) LANS
Wide area, interconnects LANs over wide geographical areas, administered by one or more service providers, provide slower speed links between LAN.

Example, internet, school,

.

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6
Q

Difference between Intranet and Internet

And how is the internet connected?

A

Intranet: Private collection of LANs/WANs within an organization

Internet: Worldwide collection of interconnected LANs and WANs

LANs are connected to each other using WANs
WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmissions.

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7
Q

Who promotes the open developement and evolution of the internet?

A

ISOC (Internet Society)

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8
Q

What are the 5 connection types used on LANs

A

Cable: high bandwidth, always on, Internet offered by cable TV providers

DSL: high bandwidth, always on, Internet connection that runs over a phone line

Cellular: uses a cellular network for Internet connectivity

Satellite: major benefit to rural areas without Internet Service Providers (ISP)

Dial-up: an inexpensive, low bandwidth option using a modem

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9
Q

What are the 4 basic characteristics to have a reliable network

A

Scalability: It should be easy to scale the network when you need a smaller or bigger.

Fault-tolerance
Limit the impact of failure by limiting the number of affected devices; redundancy enabled by using packet switching(grouping data into packets and sending them over network) in reliable nets.

Qos
Voice and video have higher service requirements , high bandwidth for video, low delay for interactive voice/video.

Network security
Protection network from and data from breaches, intrusions and other threats. Access control, virus and antivirus software etc.
Must be implemented using multiple layers more than one security solution.

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10
Q

What is Cloud Computing

A

Computation or storage is performed on server over the internet instead of user devices.

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11
Q

Name 4 different “clouds” used in cloud computing

A

Public clouds
Available to general public through pay-per-use model or for free.

Private clouds
Intended for a specific organization or entity such as the government.

Hybrid clouds
Made up of two or more cloud types - for example, part custom and part public. Each part remains a distinctive object, but both are connected using the same architecture,

Custom Clouds
Built to meet the needs of a specific industry, such as healthcare or media, private or public.

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12
Q

What are protocols ?

A

Protocols are a set of rules that communicating entities will follow.

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13
Q

Why is message size important?

A

-Message size: data has to be split up into smaller chunks to be carried on the medium as bits (light, sound or electrical pulses)

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14
Q

What are protocul suites/stack?

A

Protocol suites/stack are basically a group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a communication function.

Basically sets of rules that work together to help solve a problem.

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15
Q

Why use layers when approaching the network model?

A

Seperation: Breaking a bigger task (data communication) into smaller tasks (i.e functions)

Abstraction: Changes to one layer minimizes the impact on other layers.

Design: easier to implement functions/protocols as long as interconnection between layers are kept intact.

Complexity: Easier to learn, troubleshoot and standardize.

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16
Q

What are the 7 layers in the OSI model and what is their purpose?

A
  1. Physical layer: Raw bit streams over physical transmission medium.

2.Datalink layer: Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer (switch)

3.Network layer: Network data transfer in form of packets, through network addressing, routing and traffic control. (router)

  1. Transport layer: Reliable end to end communication for services/applications with flow control, multiplexing and connection oriented communication.

5.Session layer: Managin communicaton sessions, contionous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmission between nodes.

  1. Presentation layer: Translation of data between a networking device and an application, including character decoding, data compression and encryption/decryption.

7.Application layer: An application using the through application layer protocol. Internet browser, gaming spotify

17
Q

Explain the TCP/IP model

A

Network access layer: Combination of Data link layer and Physical layer.

Internet layer: Network layer of the OSI model. It defines the protocols which are responsible for logical transmission of data over the entire network.

Transport layer: TCP and UDP

Application layer: Application

18
Q

Who develops standards relating to electrical wiring,
connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment?

A

– Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

19
Q

What is data encapsulation and decapsulation?

A

Encapsulation: A top down process from higher layer to lower layer where each protocol add their information to the data.

Decapsulation: Reverse process, from lower layer to higher layer.

20
Q

What is segmentation and multiplexing and what are the benefits?

A

Segmentation: breaking up messages into
smaller units to be carried by the network.

Multiplexing: processes of taking multiple
streams of segmented data and interleaving
them together.

-No need to wait for the entire length of data is ready

-Other applications(streams) can access the channel simultaneously.

-Only segments which fail to reach the destination need to be retransmitted, not the entire data stream.

21
Q

What is sequencing?Whichlayer?

A

Numbering the segments after segmentation so they can be reassembled at the destination; TCP (L4, transport layer) is responsible for sequencing individual segments.

22
Q

Where and Why do we need addressing?
And what of addressing do we have, in which layers?

A

Addressing is needed both at the datalink and network layers to deliver data from source to destination.

Datalink: MAC address (frames)
Network: IP address(packets)
Transport: Application endpoints/ports: 80(http)

23
Q

A committee
within the IETF; architectural oversight of Internet
protocols

A

IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

24
Q

Who develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies?

A

IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)

25
Q

Who is focused
on long-term research related to the Internet and
TCP/IP protocols?

A

(IRTF): Internet Research Task Force

26
Q

Who coordinates IP address
allocation, the management of domain names,
and assignment of other information?

A

(ICANN):
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers

27
Q

Who oversees and manages IP address allocation,
domain name management, and protocol
identifiers for ICANN?

A

(IANA) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

28
Q

Who is dedicated to creating standards in power and energy, healthcare,
telecommunications, and networking?

A

– Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, pronounced “I-triple-E”) -

29
Q

Who develops communication
standards in radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite
communications, and more

A

– Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) -

30
Q

Who defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television
(IPTV), and broadband communications, such as a digital subscriber line (DSL)?

A

– International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization
Sector (ITU-T) -

31
Q

What is message encoding

A

Converting information to another acceptable form for transmission.

32
Q

Explain the concept of message timing, what is important?

A

Flow control: Manages transmission rate

Response timeout: How long to wait if there is no reply from destination.

Access method: Determine when to send messages, rules concering cross-taling(collisions) Collision avoidance and collision detection.

33
Q

What is IAAS?

A

Infrastructure as a service, provides u with storage and virtualization via cloud.

Google Cloud

34
Q

What is Paas?

A

platform as a service(Paas)

A provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure and delivers this platform to the user.

Heroku

35
Q

What is Saas?

A

Software as a service(Saas), cloud application services. Delivering an entire application that is managed by a provider, via a web browser.

Dropbox, google apps,