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Unit One History & Approaches > Modules 1-3 > Flashcards

Modules 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functionalism

A

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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2
Q

Experimental psychology

A

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

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3
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology 1) should be objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with 1) but not with 2)

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4
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

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5
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The scientific study of all the me tail activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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6
Q

Psychology

A

The science of behavior and mental processes

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7
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

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8
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that, among the tangle of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed of to succeeding generations

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9
Q

Biospsychosocial approach

A

And integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

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10
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

How we learn observable responses

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11
Q

Biological perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences

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12
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

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13
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

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14
Q

Psychodynamic psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

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15
Q

Social-cultural psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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16
Q

Psychometrics

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits

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17
Q

Basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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18
Q

Structuralism

A

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

19
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

20
Q

Educational psychology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

21
Q

Personality psychology

A

The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

22
Q

Social psychology

A

An expectation that people will help those needing their help

23
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

24
Q

Industrial-organizational psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

25
Q

Human factors psychology

A

An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

26
Q

Counseling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and In achieving greater well-being

27
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

28
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

29
Q

Community psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

30
Q

Positive psychology

A

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

31
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • Established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig, Germany
  • created an experimental apparatus to measure time between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a telephone key
32
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

-establish the first formal U.S psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University

33
Q

William James

A
  • legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text
  • mentored Calkins
  • studied the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings
34
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A
  • became a pioneering memory researcher

- first woman to be president of the American Psychological Association

35
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A
  • first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D
  • synthesized animal behavior
  • 2nd female president of the APA
36
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

-believed he discovered the unconscious mind or the part of the mind we do not have conscious control over that determines how we think and behave

37
Q

John B. Watson

A
  • declared for psychology to be a science, it must limit itself to observable phenomena, not unobservable concepts such as the unconscious mind
  • “Little Albert”
38
Q

B. F Skinner

A

-expanded the idea of behaviorism and included the concept of reinforcement

39
Q

Carl Rogers

A

-rejected the definition of psychology that was current in the 1960’s

40
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

-studying the salivation process in dogs

41
Q

Jean Piaget

A

-most influential observe of children

42
Q

Charles Darwin

A

-argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies

43
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

-led the way to humane treatment of those with psychological disorders

Unit One History & Approaches (1 decks)

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