Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT100 > Modules 1-3 > Flashcards

Modules 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

the directional term that means “away from the midline of the body” is: inferior, superior, medial, lateral or caudal

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list some of the functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. cover and line surfaces
  2. protection (skin)
  3. permeability (absorption in the digestive system)
  4. sensation
  5. contractility/secretion (of glandular cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some functions of collagen fibres?

A

collagen fibres act to provide strength and flexibility to tissue, they are also responsible for resisting large forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

predict and list a few symptoms that you would expect to observe in a patient with EDS due to dysfunctional collagen fibres

A
  1. loose skin with high elasticity or stretch
  2. fragile skin that cannot resist large forces
  3. flexible joints leading to joint pain, and eventually arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list some functions of connective tissue

A
  1. support and protection
  2. provides a structural framework for the body
  3. medium for exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste
  4. storage
  5. repair
  6. defence from invasion of antigens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do you think some types of cartilage would have a perichondrium?

A

cartilage is avascular, therefore unable to get nutrients from a direct blood supply. The perichondrium is present to help provide nutrients to the cartilage and remove waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of cartilage is built to bear and distribute weight?

A

hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of cartilage is tough and inflexible?

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of cartilage is the most flexible

A

elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which component of bone provides for the rigidity of bone?

A

the inorganic component; minerals and salts, mainly calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Articular cartilage covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in moveable joints. What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline because it lines the joint surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of cartilage is found between intervertebral discs?

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain why patients with scoliosis often have breathing problems.

A

The lateral curvature places the thoracic vertebrae in an atypical position. This can cause abnormal development and placement of the ribs and thoracic cavity. The abnormal form of the thoracic cavity can compress the lungs, causing breathing problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which bones contribute to the acetabulum?

A

All 3 of the bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some differences and similarities between the pelvic (acetabulum) and pectoral (glenoid fossa) girdles?

A

They both function to connect the appendicular to the axial skeleton, and they are both structures that articulate with the rounded head of long bones. There are both differences in the size and amount of bones between the two, the lower limb plays a critical role in bearing weight and locomotion, which is why it is larger and has more bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some differences and similarities between the femur and humerus bones?

A

Both of the bones are similar in structure, they both have heads, necks, and medial and lateral condyles. However, the femur is larger as it supports the body’s weight, it has a wider shaft, a larger and more circular head and large condyles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some differences and similarities of the leg and the forearm?

A

There are two bones in both the leg (tibia/fibula) and forearm (radius/ulna). there is a difference in size, the bones of the forearm are both relatively the same size, while the tibia is the weight bearing bone of the leg so it is much wider than the fibula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What body cavities are apart of the dorsal region (back)??

A

Cranial and vertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what body cavities are apart of the ventral region (front)?

A

Thoracic and abdomino pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a saggital plane?

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right, when it passes through the midline is it called midsaggital.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a coronal plane?

A

frontal, divides body into anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a horizontal plane?

A

it divides body into inferior and superior parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an oblique plane?

A

passes through the body at an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a longitudinal plane?

A

any plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane , both saggital and coronal are examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the two types of epithelial tissue?
(1) covering epithelium; cells that cover the internal and external surfaces, (2) glandular epithelium; cells that produce and secrete products, such as hormones.
26
what are simple and stratified cell organizations?
Simple cell organizations are only one cell layer thick, while stratified organizations are two or more cell layers thick, where only the deepest layer is in contact with the basal lamina.
27
what is a squamous cell shape?
flat (thin), wide and somewhat irregular in shape
28
what is a cuboidal cell shape?
about same size on all sides, nucleus is central
29
what is a columnar cell shape?
taller than they are wide, nucleus is oval and located in basal region of the cell
30
what is transitional epithelium?
consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells that allow for stretching, surface cells are dome shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretched
31
what is pseudostratified epithelium and how does it work?
A single layer of cells that have their nuclei positioned in a manner close to that of stratified, the short cilia on the surface help in moving mucous, can be found through respiratory tract, where mucous must be transported.
32
what is ground substance?
It occupies the space between the cells and fibres of connective tissue , it has high water content, is transparent, colourless, and viscous
33
what are the 3 types of fibres secreted by fibroblasts?
1. collagen 2. reticular 3. elastic
34
What are the 2 types of connective tissue?
1. Loose connective tissue | 2. Dense connective tissue
35
What are some properties of loose CT? Give an example of loose CT
has more ground substance, with fewer CT fibres, an example would be adipose tissue (fat calls)
36
What are some properties of dense CT? Give an example of dense CT
less ground substance and more CT fibres, an example is elastic tissue
37
What are the specialized (fluid) connective tissues?
Blood and lymph
38
what are the components of cartilage?
cells, fibres and ground substance
39
what are some functions of the skeletal system?
- support - protection - blood cell formation - storage - movement
40
what are the 2 layers of bone composition?
outer cortical layer and inner cancellous layer
41
how are blood cells produced?
they are produced by the bone marrow, which is found within the medullary cavity, the inner cavity of the bone
42
what are the different types of bones?
1. flat bones (bones of the skull) 2. irregular bones (vertebrae) 3. long bones (elongated cylindrical shaft, ex. femur) 4. short bones (bones of ankle and wrist)
43
what are the epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis?
epiphysis; knobby, enlarged regions at the end, form joints, and serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments metaphysis; region between diaphysis and epiphysis diaphysis; elongated cylindrical shaft
44
what is the periosteum and its main functions?
tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the surface of bone, except for the epiphysis. protects the bone contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone, also forms new bone tissue
45
what is articular cartilage?
covers epiphysis, reduces friction between joints and absorbs the shock in moveable joints (hyaline cartilage)
46
what are the cranial bones of the skull?
- frontal bone - temporal bones - sphenoid bone - parietal bones - occipital bone
47
what are the facial bones of the skull?
- maxillary (maxillae) bones - nasal bones - zygomatic bones - mandible
48
what are the divisions of the spine and how many vertebrae does each house?
- cervical - 7 v - thoracic - 12 v - lumbar - 5 v - saccrum - 5 fused v - coccyx - 4 fused v
49
what are synovial joints?
joints in which articular bones are enclosed by a joint capsule with a fluid filled cavity, ex. shoulders, knees and hip joints
50
what are movements made at synovial joints?
- gliding - angular - rotation - special movements
51
what is the difference between abduction and adduction movements?
abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body
52
what is the difference between flexicon and extension movements?
flexicon movements bend to decrease the angle between articulating bones, while extension movements straighten to increase the angle between articulating joints
53
what are special movements?
hypertension; extended beyond anatomical position | circumduction; rotates in a circular manner
54
what are supination and pronation rotations?
supination refers to to the forearm, with the palm facing up, while pronation refers to the forearm with the palm facing down
55
what are eversion and inversion rotations?
eversion refers to the ankle, where the foot faces laterally (outward), inversion refers to the ankle, where the foot faces medially (inward)
56
what are the different types of muscle?
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
57
what is the difference between striated and smooth muscles
striated have both light and dark bonds, characterized by long muscle fibres with multiple nuclei which are located peripherally for skeletal muscles and centrally for cardiac muscle. smooth muscle is found in the digestive system, blood vessels and other viscera, each smooth muscle fibre contains a single nucleus centrally located. smooth muscle also has fusiform-shaped cells without striations
58
what are some functions of skeletal muscle?
- produce movement - maintain posture and stabilize joints - control excretion and swallowing - produce heat - support and protect internal organs
59
what are the 3 layers of connective tissue within skeletal muscles?
- epimysium; surrounds entire muscle - perimysium; surrounds bundle of muscle fibres - endomysium; surrounds individual muscle cells
60
what are the features of muscle cells (myofibres)?
1. sacrolemma; cell membrane 2. nuclei; multiple, towards outside of myofibre 3. myofibril; structural units, contain contractile myofilaments 4. myofilaments; contractile unit of muscle cell 5. sacroplasmic reticulum; surrounds each myofibril, where muscle cell stores calcium 6. T-tibules; extensions of sacrolemma that surround the myofibrils and transmit nerve stimulation to the sacroplasmic reticulum within the cell
61
what are the different muscles of facial expression?
- frontalis; allows forehead to wrinkle - orbicularis oculi; muscles surrounding eyes - zygomaticus; causes one to smile - orbicularis oris; allows one to pucker lips, or kiss
62
what are the muscles used in mastication (chewing)?
- temporalis; elevates and pulls the mandible posteriorly (retract) - masseter; elevates and protracts, moves the jaw forward

ANAT100 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions