MODULE2 - DC CIRCUITS Flashcards

Learn fundamentals of DC circuits

1
Q

Smallest amount of electrical charge having the quality called negative polarity

A

ELECTRONS

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2
Q

(T/F) Protons orbit the center of atoms

A

FALSE

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3
Q

a basic particle with positive polarity

A

PROTON

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4
Q

Protons are located in the _____ of atoms along with neutrons, particles which have neutral polarity

A

NUCLEUS

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5
Q

Electrical classification of all materials

A

CONDUCTORS, INSULATORS, SEMICONDUCTORS

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6
Q

Materials in which electrons can move freely from atom to atom

A

CONDUCTORS

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7
Q

CONDUCTORS have __ valence electron/s

A

1

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8
Q

The purpose of conductors is to allow electrical current to flow with ________

A

minimum resistance

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9
Q

(T/F) In general all metals are good conductors.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Have 8 valence electrons

A

INSULATORS

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11
Q

Materials in which electrons tend to stay put and do not flow easily from atom to atom are termed

A

INSULATORS

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12
Q

(T/F) Insulators are used to prevent the flow of electricity.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

are used in components like capacitors which must store electric charges

A

DIELECTRICS

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14
Q

examples of dielectrics

A

glass, rubber, plastics

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15
Q

SEMICONDUCTORS have ___ valence electrons

A

4

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16
Q

Materials which are neither conductors nor insulators

A

SEMICONDUCTORS

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17
Q

Used in components like transistors

A

SEMICONDUCTOR

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18
Q

Example of semiconductor

A

CARBON, GERMANIUM, SILICON

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19
Q

The symbol for charge is Q which stands for ____

A

QUANTITY

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20
Q

The practical unit of charge is called the

A

COULOMB

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21
Q

One coulomb is equal to the amount of charge of ___ electrons or protons stored in a dielectric

A

6.25X10^18

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22
Q

The fundamental electric quantity

A

CHARGE

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23
Q

The smallest amount of charge that exists is carried by

A

ELECTRON AND PROTON

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24
Q

Atoms are composed of charge carrying particles: electrons and protons, and neutral particles, ____.

A

NEUTRONS

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25
Q

CHARGE OF PROTON

A

qp = 1.602x10^-19 C

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26
Q

Charge of an electron

A

qe = -1.602x10^-19 C

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27
Q

(T/F) In semiconductors - free electrons can be forced to move with relative ease, since they require little work to be moved.

A

FALSE

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28
Q

Charge in motion

A

CURRENT

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29
Q

(T/F) The more electrons in motion the greater the current

A

TRUE

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30
Q

When a charge is forced to move because of a ____ current is produced

A

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE/VOLTAGE

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31
Q

indicates the intensity of the electricity in motion

A

CURRENT

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32
Q

The symbol for current is I which means

A

INTENSITY

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33
Q

Current is measured in

A

AMPERES

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34
Q

The definition of current is:

A

I = Q/T

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35
Q

1 ampere is

A

1 coulomb per second

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36
Q

Current moves through a circuit element

A

“THROUGH VARIABLE”

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37
Q

____ is rate of flow of negatively-charged particles, called electrons, through a predetermined cross-sectional area in a conductor.

A

CURRENT

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38
Q

refers to the the possibility of doing work

A

POTENTIAL

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39
Q

Any charge has the potential to do the work of attracting a similar charge or ____ an opposite charge.

A

REPULSING

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40
Q

The symbol for potential difference is E which means

A

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE

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41
Q

The practical unit of potential difference is

A

VOLT

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42
Q

is a measure of the amount of work required to move 1C of charge

A

1 VOLT

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43
Q

Potential difference across two terminals in a circuit _____

A

ACROSS VARIABLE

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44
Q

Each cell provides 1.5V

Three cells connected one after another, in series, would provide ___

A

4.5V

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45
Q

(T/F) If the cells are connected in parallel, the voltage stays the same, but now a larger current can be drawn.

A

TRUE

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46
Q

Opposition to the flow of current is termed

A

RESISTANCE

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47
Q

The fact that a wire can become hot from the flow of current is evidence of

A

RESISTANCE

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48
Q

Conductors have ___ resistance.

A

VERY LITTLE

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49
Q

Insulators have ____ of resistance.

A

LARGE AMOUNT

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50
Q

The practical unit of resistance is

A

OHM

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51
Q

ohm is designated by the Greek letter __

A

OMEGA

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52
Q

an electronic component designed specifically to provide resistance

A

RESISTOR

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53
Q

defined as a path for current flow

A

CIRCUIT

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54
Q

In applications requiring the use of current, electrical components are arranged in the form of a

A

CIRCUIT

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55
Q

An open circuit has

A

INFINITE RESISTANCE

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56
Q

where the energy of the source (battery) is carried by means of the current through the the various components.

A

CIRCUIT

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57
Q

The circuit components are the ____ - they determines how much current the source will produce.

A

LOAD RESISTANCE

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58
Q

The battery is the ____, since it provides the potential energy to be used.

A

SOURCE

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59
Q

The direction of electron flow in our circuit is from the ____ side of the battery, through the load resistance, back to the _____ side of the battery.

A

NEGATIVE, POSITIVE

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60
Q

Inside the battery, electrons move to the negative terminal due to ______, maintaining the potential across the leads.

A

CHEMICAL ACTION

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61
Q

Circuits that are powered by battery sources are termed

A

DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS

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62
Q

In DC circuits, the battery maintains the ____ of output voltage. The plus and minus sides remain constant.

A

SAME POLARITY

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63
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF DC

A

It is the flow of charges in just one direction and…

The fixed polarity of the applied voltage which are characteristics of DC circuits

64
Q

periodically alternates or reverses in polarity.

A

ALTERNATING VOLTAGE SOURCE

65
Q

The power outlet in your home is ___ cycle ac - meaning the voltage polarity and current direction go through ___ cycles of reversal per second.

A

60

66
Q

(T/F) All audio signals are AC

A

TRUE

67
Q

(T/F) Heating Effects the same for both AC and DC current

A

TRUE

68
Q

DC is used as ____ for tube and transistor amps

A

ELECTRODE VOLTAGE

69
Q

AC is used as ____ for tube and transistor amps

A

I/O SIGNAL

70
Q

DC is easier to

A

MEASURE

71
Q

AC is easier to

A

AMPLIFY

72
Q

(T/F) DC circuits are usually simpler than AC circuits.

A

TRUE

73
Q

(T/F) However, the principles of DC circuits DO NOT apply to AC circuits.

A

FALSE

74
Q

is resistance to current flow in AC circuits

A

IMPEDANCE

75
Q

Symbol of impedance

A

Z

76
Q

Impedance is measured in

A

OHMS

77
Q

One side of the voltage source is usually ___ for safety

A

GROUNDED

78
Q

For 120 V - ac power lines in homes this means one side of the voltage source is connected to a ___.

A

METAL COLD WATER PIPE

79
Q

For electronic equipment, the ground just indicates a ____, which is used as a _____ for connections to the source.

A

METAL CHASSIS, COMMON RETURN

80
Q

The amount of current in a circuit is dependent on its resistance and the applied voltage. Specifically I = E/R

A

OHM’S LAW

81
Q

Current is ___ Proportional to Voltage for a Constant Resistance

A

DIRECTLY

82
Q

Current is ____ Proportional to Resistance for a Constant Voltage

A

INVERSELY

83
Q

The unit of electrical power is

A

WATT

84
Q

____ is how much work is done over time

A

POWER

85
Q

One watt of power is equal to the work done in one second by ____ moving one coulomb of charge.

A

ONE VOLT

86
Q

Unit of resistance is named after

A

GEORG OHM

87
Q

is a measure of how much a resistor resists the flow of electricity

A

RESISTANCE

88
Q

(T/F) The magnitude of resistance is dictated by electric properties of the material and material geometry.

A

TRUE

89
Q

conductors that exhibit the property of resisting current flow are called

A

RESISTORS

90
Q

A resistor is a

A

DISSIPATIVE ELEMENT

91
Q

RESISTOR converts electrical energy into ____.

A

HEAT ENERGY

92
Q

G = 1/R is termed as the conductance of conductor. It’s unit is

A

mho (℧)

93
Q

sensor that detects light condition

A

PHOTORESISTOR

94
Q

sensor that detects temperature condition

A

THERMISTOR

95
Q

sensor that detects load condition

A

STRAIN GAUGE

96
Q

Resistor is used in lowering voltage levels

A

VOLTAGE DIVIDER

97
Q

In electronic circuits, resistors are used as pull-up and pull-down elements to avoid ____.

A

FLOATING SIGNAL LEVELS

98
Q

decomposition of carbon film on a ceramic core

A

CARBON FILM

99
Q

carbon powder and glue-like binder

A

CARBON COMPOSITION

100
Q

ceramic core coated with metal oxide

A

METAL OXIDE

101
Q

There are usually ___ bands of color on a resistor.

A

4 TO 6

102
Q

is the limit on how far the real value of the resistor can deviate from its color coded value

A

TOLERANCE

103
Q

a normal resistor with an additional arm contact that can move along the resistive material and tap off the desired resistance

A

VARIABLE RESISTOR

104
Q

For a resistor with homogeneous material,

R = ρL/A

where ρ is ___

A

specific resistance of material

105
Q

Find the current I through a resistor of resistance R = 2 Ω if the voltage across the resistor is 6 V.

A

I = 3A

106
Q

is the rate of doing electrical work

A

ELECTRIC POWER

107
Q

1 WATT = 1 Volt.Ampere or

A

1 Joule/sec

108
Q

Formula for power

A

P = V·I

109
Q

Formula for Electric energy

A
E = P·t 
E = V·I·t
110
Q

An ____ measures current

A

AMMETER

111
Q

A ____ measures voltage

A

VOLTMETER

112
Q

An ____ measures resistance

A

OHMMETER

113
Q

A ___ combines these functions, and possibly some additional ones as well, into a single instrument

A

MULTIMETER

114
Q

A voltmeter is connected in ___

A

PARALLEL CONNECTION

115
Q

An ammeter is connected in ___

A

SERIES

116
Q

An ohmmeter is connected in ___

A

WITHOUT ANY POWER SUPPLIED

117
Q

The cell stores ___ and transfers it to electrical energy when a circuit is connected.

A

CHEMICAL ENERGY

118
Q

When two or more cells are connected together we call this a ___

A

BATTERY

119
Q

An electric current is a flow of microscopic particles called __ flowing through wires and components.

A

ELECTRONS

120
Q

The current flow from the ___ terminal to the ___ terminal of a cell.

A

NEGATIVE, POSITIVE

121
Q

The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other.

A

SERIES

122
Q

The components are connected side by side. The current has a choice of routes.

A

PARALLEL CIRCUITS

123
Q

Formula for resistors in series

A

Rtotal=R1+R2

124
Q

Formula for resistors in parallel

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …

125
Q

In a circuit, resistors R1 and R2 are in series and have resistances of 5 Ω and 10 Ω, respectively. The voltage across resistor R1 is equal to 4 V. Find the current passing through resistor R2 and the voltage across the same resistor.

A
I2 = 0.8A
V2 = 8V
126
Q

In a circuit, resistors R1 and R2 are in parallel and have resistances of 8 Ω and 4 Ω, respectively. The current passing through R1 is 0.2 A. Find the voltage across resistor R2 and the current passing through the same resistor.

A
V2 = 1.6V
I2 = 0.4A
127
Q

The current passing through a resistor in a circuit is 0.01 A when the voltage across the same resistor is 5 V. What current passes through this resistor when the voltage across it is 7.5 V?

A

I = 0.015A

128
Q

An ammeter must have a ___ input impedance

A

VERY LOW

129
Q

(T/F) For series circuit, the current is the same at all points in the circuit.

A

TRUE

130
Q

(T/F) For series circuit, the current is shared between the components

A

FALSE

131
Q

The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current is called

A

VOLTAGE

132
Q

A voltmeter should have a ___ input impedance

A

VERY HIGH

133
Q

Scientist usually use the term ___ when they talk about voltage.

A

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

134
Q

(T/F) In series circuit, the voltage is shared between the components

A

TRUE

135
Q

(T/F) In parallel circuit, the voltage is the same in all parts of the circuit

A

TRUE

136
Q

An electric iron of resistance 20 ohm draws a current of 5 amperes

A

500W

137
Q

A resistance of 40 ohms and one of 60 ohms are arranged in series across 220 volt supply.

A

484W

138
Q

A resistance of 25 ohm is connected to a 12 V battery

A

5.76W

139
Q

The algebraic sum of voltage around a loop is zero

A

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

140
Q

Algebraic sum of all currents entering and leaving a node is zero.

A

KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

141
Q

Voltage drop across each passive element is in the direction of current flow.

A

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

142
Q

Current entering a node is assigned positive sign. Current leaving a node is assigned a negative sign.

A

KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

143
Q

The sum of the currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of the currents leaving that junction.

A

Kirchoff’s first law

144
Q

The sum of the emf’s around any closed loop must equal the sum of the IR drops around that same loop.

A

Kirchoff’s second law

145
Q

When applying the voltage rule, emf’s are___ if normal output direction of the emf is with the assumed tracing direction.

A

POSITIVE

146
Q

When applying the voltage rule, I drops are ___ if the assumed current direction is against the assumed tracing direction.

A

NEGATIVE

147
Q

uses a microammeter whose pointer
moves over a scale calibrated for all the different
measurements that can be made

A

ANALOG MULTIMETER

148
Q

display the measured value in
numerals, and may also display a bar of a length
proportional to the quantity being measured

A

DIGITAL MULTIMETER

149
Q
This
is where
all the measuring
scales of different
functional ranges are
displayed
A

SCALE PLATE

150
Q
It
will snap
and indicate the
value or status you
measured
A

POINTER INDICATOR

151
Q

A
rotary switch
to select appropriate
range

A

RANGE SELECTOR SWITCH KNOB

152
Q

ranges use
when performing
resistance test

A

OHM RANGES (MULTIPLIERS)

153
Q

ranges use
when performing
direct current voltage
test

A

DCV RANGES

154
Q

ranges use
when performing
alternating current
voltage test

A

ACV RANGES

155
Q
It
is use for
calibration of the
pointer before
resistance test
A

ZERO OHM ADJUSTER KNOB

156
Q
It
is use for
calibration of the
pointer if needed
specially before
voltage test
A

ZERO VOLT CORRECTOR

157
Q
It
is a physical
device use to
connect electronic
test equipment to
device under test
A

TEST PROBE