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Ultrasound > Module1.1 > Flashcards

Module1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a wave?

A

A disturbance away from the average condition

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2
Q

When does wave imply?

A

When something changes in a periodic or regular manner

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3
Q

What changes in corrugated iron as we move along the sheet?

A

Physical shape and orientation of the metal changes its position in space

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4
Q

What changes in the case of pendulum?

A

Position of the arm in time

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5
Q

What is A in p=A sin(2ㅠx/ㅅ)?

A

Amplitude

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6
Q

What is ㅅ in p=A sin(2ㅠx/ㅅ)?

A

Wavelength

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7
Q

What is p in p=A sin(2ㅠx/ㅅ)?

A

Disturbance or variation

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8
Q

What symbolises

  1. frequency
  2. angular frequency
  3. Period
A

f
W
T

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9
Q

What is wave speed

A

Represented by c
Has unit of metre per sec (m/s)
Speed at which energy is transported by the wave

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10
Q

What is velocity

A

Is to specify the wave speed and the direction in which the wave is travelling /vector quantity

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11
Q

Air exerts () on us

A

Force

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12
Q

Force/area differ?

What is force/area?

A

No constant

Pressure

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13
Q

Units of pressure?

A

Pa (1Pa=N/m^2)

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14
Q

What is p0

A

Ambient pressure (average)

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15
Q

What does p>p0 mean?

A

The fluid is compressed

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16
Q

What is p

A

The fluid is rarefied

17
Q

What is general term for amplitude?

A

Magnitude

18
Q

What is the maximum excursion of an atom from its average position

A

Displacement

19
Q

What is related to the square of the pressure amplitude but depends on the frequency as well? (Almost zero)

A

Loudness

20
Q

What is the energy carried by the wave covering some specified area in a specified time.

A

Intensity

21
Q

How do u measure the intensity?

A

Watts per area OR mW/cm^2

22
Q

What is the energy content of the beam per second?

A

Power

23
Q

Whats the unit of power

A

Watt =J/s

24
Q

What is an average wave speed?

A

1540m/s =c

25
Q

What is the atom or the molecules that comprise the material that are vibrating about their average position called?

A

Particle

26
Q

What is it called when the sinusoidal motion of the particles have a speed and varies in a sinusoidal
Fashion

A

Particle speed

27
Q

What is it called when the particles move perpendicular to the direction of wave?

A

Transverse wave

28
Q

What is it called when the particle vibrate in the direction that is at all times parallel or anti parallel to the wAve direction?

A

Longitudinal wave

29
Q

What is a line drawn to show the direction the wave is traveling?

A

Ray

30
Q

What is the representiation of the crests at some instant of time?

A

Wavefronts

31
Q

Who recognized that the wavefront in those cases where the source of the wave was extended could be determined by imagining that an extended source could be viewed as a series of point sources each generating wavefronts?

A

Christiaan huygens

32
Q

What is the circular or spherical source about one wave length apart and joining up the tangents to these elementary wavefronts?

A

Huygens’ wavelets

33
Q

Whats called when two waves of the same frequency exist in the same region of the material?

A

Interfere

34
Q

When two waves of the same frequency interfere, what happens?

A

Constructive/destructive

35
Q

What happen to two waves having amplitude A meet constructively?

A

Amplitude become 2A

36
Q

What happen to the power of 2 waves of same amplitude A when they meet? (Total constructive case)

A

4 since power and intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude

37
Q

What is called when generally two or more waves meet and simply add up the mathematical expressions for the individual waves taking into account the relative travelling wave direction?

A

Superposition

Ultrasound (6 decks)

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