module two Flashcards
what is quantitative research
numbers/ data. tests a theory, objective, larger sample size, data driven
what are common research methodologies
CINAHL, medline, ARNR, cochrane, robertson library
define evidence based nursing
the use of current best evidence in making decisions about the healthcare of patients
how to discriminate between reliable and unreliable research
- reliable sources have links to verifiable, current evidence and unreliable sources will not
- reliable sources use language that is clear of bias, unreliable sources do not
- reliable sources mention the authors name and information, unreliable doesn’t
- reliable sources have clear motives
define rigour
being very thorough, accurate, ethically and professionally executed
define trustworthiness
the degree of confidence in data, interpretation, and methods used to ensure the quality of a study
define credibility
the truth of findings
what are key turning points in the development of evidence based nursing through history
- 1800s- florence nightingale (systemic collection of data in crimean war)
- 1930s- standardisation in nursing developed
- 1970s- archie cochrane- medical physicians practice
- 1992- evidence based medicine
- 1990s- nursing practice
what are the three components of evidence based nursing
- clinical expertise (nurses must use their clinical expertise and professional knowledge)
- patient values (verify patient values and choice about treatment)
- best available research evidence (find the best answers the questions we are trying to find answers to. the best available knowledge at the time)
nurses are able to deliver effective and holistic person centred care.
what is the purpose and aim of quantitative and qualitative research designs
quantitative- research studies that describes the variables of interest as being measured and the results are quantifiable and coded as numerical data
qualitative- aims to understand human experiences through personal perceptions, interpretations, opinions, values and beliefs of research participants. to develop a rich description and theory
describe 3 common quantitative research designs and their sub types
- control- controlling any variables that may cause bias to validity.
- randomisation- ensure variables are equally distributed between groups so that the differences between control and experimental group can be attributed
- manipulation- the researcher manipulates an experimental variable while the control group does not.
subtypes; - descriptive
- case control
- correlational
- cross sectional
- retrospective
- cohort
- longitudinal
describe the 4 most common qualitative methodologies
- phenomenology (the study of an individuals lived experience of the world)
- descriptive exploratory (collects rich narrative data from small sample population)
- grounded theory (data is collected on human interaction and action)
- ethnography (understand the behaviour of a group of people within the context of their own culture)
what is phenomenology (qualitative research)
- reflect upon what it means to be a person in the world
- reflect upon own experiences and explore understanding of phenomena
- think beyond providing the facts towards a desire to explore the experiences of self and others
articulate the research process
- identify the problem/ issue
- review literature
- set research questions, objectives and hypothesis
- choose the study design
- decide on the sample size
- collect the data from participants
- process and analyse the data
- write the report
what are the key determinants of quantitative trustworthiness
- control- process to hold the conditions constant
- manipulation- researcher manipulates one group
- randomisation- random assignment of participants to groups
- binding- hiding or withheld information to avoid bias or placebo effect
