Module Test Flashcards
My application fee will be refunded by the BACB if I do not pass the test.
False
You must pass a background check in order to become an RBT.
True
If I have cash, then I will buy you a gift.
If I do not have cash, then I will not buy you a gift.
If I have a credit card, I will use it to get a cash advance.
If I have a credit card, will I buy you a gift?
Yes
If the light is green, then stop.
If the light is yellow, then continue at current speed.
If the light is red, then accelerate by 10 mph.
If the light is orange, what action should I take?
Not enough information
If Yang is crying real tears, ask what is wrong.
If Yang is crying without tears, ignore.
If Yang says she is upset, ask what is wrong.
If Yang is crying without tears and says she is upset, tell her to say it correctly.
What should you do if Yang is crying with tears and says she is upset?
Ask what is wrong
Behavior Analysis is used for a variety of reasons. The most well known is the treatment of ______________________________ .
Autism
Behavior analysts do not believe thoughts and emotions exist.
False
Behaviors differ from thoughts and emotions in that they are ___________________ and ___________________.
observable and measurable
Is this a behavioral statement?
Elizabeth is being bossy.
No, it is neither observable nor measurable.
Behavior analysts who work with individuals usually focus on skill acquisition and/or ______________________________.
behavior reduction
What do behavior analysts mean by the word function?
the purpose of a behavior
What is the difference between a behavior reduction plan and a behavior intervention plan?
There is no real difference. Schools use one term while clinics tend to use the other.
Supervision from a behavior analyst is __________________________________.
behavior analytic
Behavior analysts only work with individuals; never large groups.
False
Otis wants to know how long it takes Fred and Laura to initiate work after being told to begin. Is this a good example of a behavioral measurement?
Yes
RBTs conduct parent training.
False
Data collection is useful if you can work it in, but ABA plans do not require it.
False
Which of the following statements is both observable and measurable?
Fred took three bites of his sandwich
As an RBT, you should expect to see your supervisor
Frequently
Defining your research question is what step in the scientific method?
2
The first step in the scientific method is to form a hypothesis.
False
What is the fourth step in the scientific method
Testing your hypothesis
The last step in the scientific method is to
Draw a conclusion
The first step in the scientific method is
Observe
The theory that knowledge derives from sensory experience is known as
Empiricism
I know you are hungry because I heard your stomach growl is a(n) ________________ argument.
empirical
Which component of Darwin’s theory of evolution was particularly important for the development of behavior analysis?
selection
Behaviors that do not allow the individual to contact reinforcement in the environment are eliminated over time through the process of __________________.
extinction
Pavlov’s dogs demonstrated the process of
classical conditioning
Which of the following statements is true?
A. A conditioned stimulus becomes a neutral stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.
B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus
C. An unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with a neutral stimulus
B
A stimulus is any environmental event that elicits a behavioral response.
True
Reflexive responses are elicited by conditioned stimuli.
False
What kind of response does a neutral stimulus elicit?
No response
Which of the following was an early version of Skinner’s principle of reinforcement?
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
The Little Albert studies demonstrated that what was possible?
Conditioning of emotions in humans
When an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, what has happened?
Generalization
How many levels of Autism Spectrum Disorder are currently diagnosed?
3
People with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Level 1, may have been diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder, NOS in the past.
False
The two domains of Autism Spectrum Disorder are…
Behavior and Social Communication Skills
People with Autism cannot be diagnosed with other developmental disabilities.
False
People with Autism Spectrum Disorder often have high rates of…
Anxiety
One example of a repetitive, stereotypical behavior is
spinning in circles
In order for a communication difference to be relevant to an Autism diagnosis, it must be
social in nature
An author who has Autism and writes about the differences between how people with Autism and neurotypical people experience the world is
Temple Grandin
Interventions marketed to cure Autism that have little empirical support and may be dangerous are called
pseudoscientific
A disorder similar to Autism Spectrum Disorder but without the related behavioral symptoms
Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder
Intellectual disability must be manifested in childhood and the person must have deficits in
IQ and adaptive behavior
Intellectual functioning is normally measured with a(n) ________ test.
IQ
IQ tests are not affected by things like language skills.
False
IQ is more important than adaptive behavior when making a diagnosis of intellectual disability.
False
Three components of adaptive behavior are…
Conceptual, practical, and social skills
How to use money is a _________________ skill; whether to give my money to a person in need is a _______________ skill; how much money to pay for my groceries is a _______________________ skill.
conceptual; social; practical
ADHD has three types:
Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type
ADHD can only be diagnosed if symptoms emerge before adolescence.
True
Inattention symptoms include three types of symptoms: task incompletion, disorganization, and _______________.
verbal inattention
For purposes of diagnosis, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors are categorized together.
True
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperactivity?
both a and b
Severity of ADHD is rated based on…
impact on life functioning
ADHD cannot be diagnosed if the person has mood or anxiety disorders.
False
If the child is responding well to ADHD medication, behavioral interventions are not necessary.
False
The only symptom of ADHD that is typically outgrown is inattentiveness.
False
If a child can sit still to watch television for long periods of time, she probably does not have ADHD.
False
Most people with developmental disabilities have the same support needs.
False
Some behavior analysis researchers advocate for a four term contingency that includes motivating operations.
True
Three professional organizations interested in behavior analysis are:
ABAI, APBA, BACB
The ABAI approves requests to sit for the RBT exam.
False
Behavior analytic conferences hosted by organizations such as ABAI and APBA are primarily focused on professional development of behavior analysts and are not a good source of information for RBTs.
False
Which of the following organizations is less focused on research and more focused on the practical side of being a behavior analysis professional?
APBA
Local, state, and regional behavior analysis organizations are the best way to become informed about issues relevant to working as an RBT in your area.
True
The processes involved in learning something well are
Acquisition, Fluency, Maintenance, Discrimination & Generalization
Repeated presentation of a single stimulus with a single response occurs during which phases of skill building
Acquisition and fluency
Overlearning is a concept related to…
fluency
During maintenance training, we seek to determine how well the learner can
perform the skill when distracted
When my supervisor presents me with multiple situations to see if I know when to implement a certain skill, (s)he clearly does not trust me to know what I am doing.
False
Mary is an RBT who has been taught to feed her client, John, who has swallowing problems. She now wonders if she could provide the same service to other people who have similar swallowing problems. She is wondering if her skillset ______________________________ between clients.
Generalizes
RBTs should dedicate all of their reading time to reading about behavior analysis.
False
The first thing you should do when you see your customer/client is outline the plan for the session.
False
A teacher of a child you are providing ABA services to is an example of a(n) ______________________ client.
indirect
The main difference between direct clients and indirect clients is the power to consent.
False
If you are uncertain about cultural preferences of a family in whose home you are working, the best thing to do is to read many books about the culture and act according to what you learn through your reading.
False
Who holds the power in a service relationship?
the service recipient
One way to prevent yourself from insulting your client’s dignity is to
both a and b
Self monitoring is a good approach for ensuring you uphold a client’s dignity.
True
When a breach of client dignity occurs, it is a good idea to have a ________________ session afterward.
debriefing
The part of the BACB ethical code for RBTs that is most relevant to issues of client dignity is
Client Dignity
If you believe someone else is failing to treat a client with dignity, your first step in resolving the issue is to
express your concerns to the person whose behavior is a concern.
Some of Skinner’s writing focused on educational applications of behavior analysis.
True
If Fred likes chocolate and gumdrops are not chocolate, is it correct to say Fred does not like gumdrops?
no
Choose the goal statement below that passes the dead man’s test.
When told to take a bath, Millicent will report to the bathroom within 2 minutes, without further prompting.
Behavior is
observable and measurable
If a person is believed to talk too much, the best way to collect data on this in natural contexts would be to use a frequency count.
No, counting the words of a fast talker would be too difficult. Taking duration data would be more practical.
ABC recording is used primarily in functional analysis.
False
7.14 is a
continuous number
Jaime’s RBT is going to collect 15 minute time samples of his hand-raising behavior in each class over a three-week period by a frequency count. This is
discontinuous data collection using discrete numbers
The basic principle of reinforcement is: stimulus - response - consequence
True
Consequences may be subdivided into…
reinforcing and punishing
Behaviors are responses to needs.
False
In order for a consequence to be truly reinforcing, the person must engage in the behavior more often in the future.
True
If my child continues to make low grades even though I am giving him praise and stickers every time he brings home an A, that proves he needs a punisher instead.
False
Amy has been biting her fingernails for five years. Her mother applied a terrible tasting medication to her fingernails to discourage her from biting them. So far, the nail biting has not decreased much even with the medication. What’s one possible reason?
Either A or B could be correct
Benny dislikes the taste of vegetables and refuses to eat them anywhere except his grandmother’s house. He eats whatever his grandmother puts on his plate. Benny’s vegetable eating behavior is explained by
Multiple Stimulus Control
Abby and Lucy had a huge argument on the playground last year. Lucy has refused to play with Abby since then. Her new best friend, Allie, recently started inviting Abby into their games. Lucy is now tolerating Abby as long as Allie is there, too. This is an early step in the process of
Pairing
Caroline loves bubble gum. Her teacher gives bubble gum to every child who finishes their math facts work sheet in less than one minute. Caroline never finishes in one minute, and she cries when everyone gets bubblegum except for her. The faster she writes her answers, the more mistakes she makes. The most likely reason for the reinforcer not working is
Restricted Range of Options
Reinforcement can be based on…
Presentation or removal
Stickers are positive reinforcers.
not enough info
Negative reinforcement is another word for punishment
False
Marla does not read well. When called on in class, to read she always says she has a headache. Teachers stop calling on her.
The behavior of claiming she has a headache is being…
Negatively reinforced
Positive and negative reinforcement have this in common.
The behavior occurs more often in the future
Reinforcer is another word for “reward.”
False
Which of the following affects reinforcer effectiveness?
Both a and b
A continuous reinforcement schedule is also called
FR 1
The six schedules of reinforcement covered in this course are: Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Interval, Fixed Time, and Variable Time
True
The best reinforcement schedule for rapidly teaching a brand new behavior.
Continuous
Will is a waiter who receives a tip for every customer he serves. What reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed ratio
Melanie is a salaried employee who receives a check every 14 days. What reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed Interval
J.R.’s boss read a book on reinforcement and decided to distribute paychecks on a variable interval schedule. Employees must be present to get their paycheck. If this method survives the courts, what would effect should it have on work attendance?
Attendance will improve and remain high
Joey likes to hear his mother scream, so he walks around the house making a squeaky noise she does not like. She tries to ignore it, but after about 8- 10 iterations, she screams. What reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable ratio
Another name for a noncontingent schedule is a continuous schedule.
False
Benny and Elaine say “I love you” at the end of every phone conversation. What reinforcement schedule is that?
Fixed Ratio
If your client stops exhibiting the target behavior for a while after receiving reinforcement, what should you consider doing?
Switch to a variable schedule
If/then statements are designed to prevent us from making _________________ .
assumptions
In the sentence “Millicent is malevolent.” The word malevolent is
an unobservable label
A developmental disability is a(n)…
umbrella term
According to the BACB, punishment is only to be used after reinforcement has failed.
False
Which of the following is a a possible side effect of punishment?
both a and b
When punishment leads to a behavior improvement in one context, it may also improve in other contexts without punishment. This is called behavioral contrast.
False
Repeated punishment in the absence of reinforcement for alternative behaviors leads to a cessation of all actions.
Learned helplessness
System-wide approaches such as positive behavior support and trauma-informed care have decreased the social acceptability of punishment procedures.
True
Social justice reform movements designed to ensure minority groups are not disproportionally subjected to exclusionary or punitive practices and to ensure people with disabilities lead _____________________ lives have decreased the social acceptability of punishment procedures.
Normalized
Three considerations for using restraint or seclusion, according to the ABAI’s position statement, are:
welfare of the individual, right to choose, and least restrictiveness
Time-out is seclusion.
False
The temperature of your bath water can punish you.
True
Kids who are perpetually grounded are not actually punished by grounding.
True
The good thing about negative punishment is you can use it with new problem behaviors as they emerge without revising your plan.
False
Requiring students to run laps if they did not exert enough effort in PE class is a type of contingent exercise punishment.
True
Motor imitation skills are important precursor skills for verbal behavior.
True
Which of the following is an example of joint attention?
both a and b
Matching, scanning, and sorting are examples of _________________________________ skills.
Visual perception
Making statements expressing empathy should not be required until the child learns to experience empathy.
False
The most important thing for school readiness is pre-academic skill development.
False
Sleep training is not a target for behavior analysis.
False
The earliest lessons on emotion management are focused on…
Labeling emotions as they occur
The processes used in problem behavior intervention vary across the lifespan.
False
All programs should be focused on increasing independence through prompt fading.
True
The first step in the prevention of sexual abuse is teaching…
Private vs Public
If a child struggles with changes in routine, it is best to design the family’s schedule around the needs of the child.
False
An advanced skill within the category of task-related behavior includes accepting feedback and correcting errors.
True
Life skills instruction is enhanced by teaching the child to self-monitor his or her own efforts.
True
The majority of high school students with disabilities receive accommodations and modifications, but most of them do not receive any accommodations in college.
True
Interview skills and customer service skills are examples of _________ skills.
soft
Decreasing reliance on others to access resources and assert ones’ rights.
Self advocacy
In childhood, we teach learners to follow instructions of others during emergencies. In adolescence and adulthood, it is important to teach them to be in charge of handling the emergency.
Yes, if the person is ever going to be left alone.
Organizational skills are an example of…
Executive Functioning Skills
Problem behavior is best addressed if a ____________________ behavior is taught.
replacement
Risk/Benefit Analysis is an example of a(n) ___________________________.
Executive Functioning Skills
Positive behavior support seeks to eliminate the need for punishment.
True
Motor imitation is important for…
both a and b
Point-to-point correspondence in motor imitation means the child exactly duplicates the movements of the adult model.
true
The goal of motor imitation training is to have the child exhibit the behavior without a model.
False
Reinforcement for correct responding in a motor imitation trial is usually…
Social
Echoics are taught before and during mand training because…
both a and b
The SD for a vocal echoic response is…
auditory
RBT: “say ball”
Child: “ball”
This is an example of an echoic skill.
True
In teaching echoics, we shape by reinforcing ____________________________ before requiring correct words.
word approximations
Reinforcement for emitting a correct echoic is usually…
praise and attention
The only verbal operant that directly serves the speaker.
mand
The SD for the mand is…
an MO
Child: “Ball”
RBT: (gives the child a ball)
In this scenario, “ball” is a(n)…
mand
The best time to teach the mand for apple is when the child has just eaten an apple.
False
During mand training, if the child requests an item that is visible to him, the therapist can reinforce by either giving him the item or praising him for asking nicely.
False
A tact is a procedure - short for tactic.
False
To reinforce a correct tact, allow the child to interact with the item for a few minutes.
False
RBT: shows picture of a ball and asks “what is this?”
Child: “Ball”
In this scenario, the word “ball” is a(n)…
Tact
Tacts are easier to teach than mands.
False
In the sentence “the ball is red,” red is a __________________ of the ball.
Feature
The sentence “We play games with balls” indicates the ball’s ___________________________.
Function
The sentence “a ball is a toy,” demonstrates the ball’s…
Class
When starting a new match-to-sample program, it is a good idea to choose items the child finds highly reinforcing.
False
Listeners serve as both reinforcers of and discriminative stimuli for speaker behavior.
True
Speakers serve as SDs for listeners to…
both a and b
A speaker’s mand is an SD for the listener to act.
True
RBT: “Bobby”
Bobby: (looks at RBT).
In this scenario, Bobby’s behavior is a(n) ___________________ skill.
Listener skill
When conducting listener skills training, it is best to have the child master one skill before introducing a second skill.
False
Conversing and answering questions are examples of…
intraverbals
An intraverbal response is a verbal response to a verbal SD with…
no point-to-point correspondence
RBT: “Where should we go?”
Child: “The aquarium!.”
In this scenario, the child’s response is a(n) ____________________.
Intraverbal
The earliest form of intraverbal training is…
Song fill ins
Skinner’s theory cannot explain complex human behavior such as language.
False
The acronym to remember for goal setting is
SMART
Which form of sign language is used frequently by native oral speakers who later lose their hearing and study ASL?
Pidgin Sign
Which type of language training requires the most sign language fluency from the RBT?
Intraverbals
Picture communication is easy for naive communication partners to understand.
True
People who use picture communication may _______________ or _____________________ the pictures.
Point to; exchange
A form of picture communication that is used to demonstrate a contingency
first then schedule
PECS are used mostly to
Mand
Speech Generating Devices should not be used if the person has some ability to speak unaided.
False
Some devices will allow a person to say any word they can think of, even if it was not pre-programmed.
True
A person with a complex vocabulary and multiple motor impairments would probably prefer
a standalone speech-generating device
Only persons who have the ability to touch a screen or keyboard accurately can use a speech-generating device
False
