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Environmental Technology > Module Review > Flashcards

Module Review Flashcards

1
Q

Describe sources of microbiological, chemical and radiological contaminants. What is the regulation that contains health-based standards for these contaminants?

A

Natural, organic, inorganic, in runoff, and industrial waste. 169-H-B standards.

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2
Q

Define pathogen and pathogenic organism

A

A disease causing agent such as bacteria, virus, and protozoa

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3
Q

What is the smallest category of pathogenic organisms in size? What implications would the size have for drinking water treatment?

A

Virus, they can pass through filters

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4
Q

What are indicator organisms and why are they used?

A

Cant test all organisms, choose few indicators that tell us there is likely presence of contaminants.

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5
Q

Determine whether an organism is a virus, bacteria or protozoa. E.coli, total coliforms, cyanobacteria, rotavirus, cryptosporidium, adenovirus, giardia

A

E.coli, B
Total Coliform, B
Cyanobacteria, B
Rotavirus, V
Cryptosporidium, P
Adenovirus, V
Giardia, P

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6
Q

The safe drinking water act describes roles and responsibilities that certified operators must meet. list five.

A

-Training
-Monitoring
-Respond to Hazards
-Public Trust
-Sample
-Post warning

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7
Q

What kind of information should be delivered to the public in case of emergency situations and why is it important that the public be notified?

A

-Cause of incident
-Alternate source of water
-Probable duration
Why? Health at risk, when informed people can adapt.

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8
Q

When should you seek assistance?

A

-In emergency conditions
-Treatment process failures
-Contamination of source
-Spills or leaks of chemicals
-Power failure, fires, floods, and other disasters

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9
Q

List factors that affect surface water quality

A

-Agricultural runoff
-Urban runoff
-Runoff from dump and hazardous waste sites
-Acid rain
-Pollutants

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10
Q

List the drawbacks of algae presence in surface water

A

-Filtration issues
-Possible pathogens
-Less runtime on filters (more backwashes)

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11
Q

Is turbidity more prevalent in ground water or surface water?

A

Surface water

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12
Q

Define “Aquifer”

A

Area of natural underground layer of porous water-bearing materials

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13
Q

Define “confined aquifer”

A

Aquifer covered by a layer of soil with low permeability such as clay

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14
Q

What is the most common type of well used by municipalities?

A

Drilled wells

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15
Q

Provide three sources of contamination of groundwater

A

-Industrial leachate
-Neighboring aquifer contamination
-Contaminated wells

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16
Q

What measures could be put into place to provide source water protection?

A

Stop allowing gas powered engines on lakes

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17
Q

what are the three groups of contaminants listed in O. Reg. 169/03 ?

A

-Microbiological
-Chemical
-Radiological

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18
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?

A

Aerobic refers to organisms which require oxygen to grow and anaerobic organisms can not survive in environments where oxygen is present

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19
Q

Define “solution”

A

A liquid containing dissolved substances

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20
Q

Define “Solvent”

A

A substance usually a liquid in which other substances are dissolved

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21
Q

Define “solute”

A

A substance that is dissolved into another substance

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22
Q

Define “Concentration”

A

The strength of the solution

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23
Q

Define “precipitate”

A

solid particles forced out of solution by chemical reaction

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24
Q

Define “precipitation”

A

The process of forming a chemical precipitate

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25
Q

List two origins of colour in source water

A

-Iron
-Manganese

26
Q

list three reasons why iron and manganese can be problematic in drinking water

A

-Iron bacteria form slimes
-Staining of laundry
-Red, brown, or black coloured water

27
Q

What is the purpose of wells?

A

To access water and bring it to the surface for use

28
Q

What does the term GUDI stand for?

A

Groundwater under direct influence of surface water

29
Q

State the two kinds of aquifers

A

-Unconfined aquifer
-Confined aquifer

30
Q

What chemicals can be used to provide secondary disinfection?

A

-Chlorine
-Chlorine Dioxide
-Monochloramine

31
Q

List three types of screens used in intake?

A

-Bar screens
-Wire mesh screens
-Micro strainers

32
Q

List three chemicals used as coagulants

A

-Aluminum Sulphate (alum)
-Iron salts
-Polyaluminum Chloride

33
Q

Name four types of water storage facilities

A

-Clearwells
-Elevated Tanks
-Standpipes
-Reservoirs

34
Q

Name three types of samples used in water treatment

A

-Grab or discreet samples
-Continuous Monitoring
-Composite

35
Q

Name four types of wells

A

dug wells, drilled wells, bored wells, well points

36
Q

What are some physical characteristics that effect source water?

A

Turbidity, temperature, colour, taste and odour.

37
Q

What is a chemical characteristic that effects source water?

A

pH

38
Q

How does increased turbidity in source water effect health?

A

It can hinder the disinfection process, be a source of pathogenic organisms and shield particles from disinfection

39
Q

What dissolved minerals cause hardness?

A

Calcium, magnesium are the main causes and aluminum and manganese at a lesser degree

40
Q

What are the recommended guidelines for pH?

A

Maintain a pH of 6.5-8.5

41
Q

Define “Alkalinity”

A

The measure of waters ability to resist a change in pH, often referred to as its buffering capacity

42
Q

What chemicals are used to provide secondary disinfection?

A

Only Chlorine, chlorine dioxide and monochloramine are used for residual chlorine in the distribution system

43
Q

Define “filter run”

A

the length of time a filter is in service between backwashes

44
Q

Three parameters that terminate filter run

A

-head loss
-increase in turbidity
-filter run time

45
Q

Is true or free chlorine residual more effective?

A

Free

46
Q

Define “clearwell”

A

A treated water storage tank at the treatment plant that allows the plant to operate continuously at a constant flow

47
Q

Define “elevated tank”

A

Tanks above the service zone and are used primarily to maintain an adequate and fairly uniform pressure

48
Q

Define “standpipes”

A

Tanks that stand on the ground and can provide large volumes of water at low pressure

49
Q

Define “ground-level-reservoirs”

A

Usually constructed of concrete and are either circular or rectangle in shape. They may be buried in the ground or located on the surface

50
Q

What is a pinhole leak?

A

A very small hole in a pipe wall

51
Q

What is a blowout break?

A

When corrosion reduces the strength of the pipe wall and pressure cause it to rupture

52
Q

What is a circumferential break?

A

When a pipe cracks along its circumference (due to external forces)

53
Q

What are swabs and pigs? what are they made of?

A

Used to clean pipes, usually made of polyurethane

54
Q

Methods used to dethaw frozen pipes

A

-Electrical thawing
-hot water and steam

55
Q

Define “head loss”

A

Pressure loss due to friction

56
Q

Define “water hammer”

A

The force cause by a sudden change in water velocity

57
Q

What parameters are tested in raw water? an how often?

A

E.coli and total coliforms
1 sample weekly

58
Q

What parameters are tested in treated water?

A

Continuously testing chlorine residual and turbidity. Raw water parameters are tested weekly

59
Q

What should you do in the advent of an adverse chlorine result?

A

Notify the ORO or OIC, immediately notify the local medical officer of health and MOECC spills action center, and the owner of the system

60
Q

How long should water be left to run before sampling?

A

2 minutes at least

61
Q

How many times are bottles rinsed before sampling?

A

Do not rinse (unless advised too)

Environmental Technology (2 decks)

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