Module Quiz 2 Flashcards
- How does an understanding of the Generalized Model help you understand other planning models?
The generalized model itself, its principles are the building blocks for all other models and actually represent the foundation of health education and health promotion practice.```
- Why is it important to use a model when planning?
Models provide direction and a framework to build on.
What are the Three F’s?
Fluidity- steps in planning build on one another; sequential
Flexibility- modifications possible to meet the needs of stakeholders, priority population
Functionality- the plan (tool) helps to achieve desired outcomes, not just provide a plan
What does MAP-IT stand for?
(M)- Mobilize: bring community partners together around a common vision
(A)- Assess: learn about community needs and resources, set priorities
(P)- Plan: establish clear goals, objectives, and strategies
(I)- Implement: create and follow a detailed work plan to accomplish goals
(T)- Track: Measure progress toward accomplishing goals
What is a need?
A need is defined as “the difference between the present situation and a more desirable one.”
What does needs assessment mean?
A needs assessment is a process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing needs of priority population.
What should program planners expect from a needs assessment?
Who is the priority population?
What are the needs of the priority population?
Which subgroups within the priority population have the greatest need?
Where are these subgroups located geographically?
What is currently being done to resolve identified needs?
How well have the identified needs been addressed in the past?
- What is the difference between primary and secondary data?
Primary Source- new original data that did not exist before
More expensive and time consuming; requires technical expertise; fills in data gaps
Secondary Source- data already collected by someone else and available for your use
May be old; it may not have been correctly collected; may not even exist
- What is the difference between a single-step (cross-sectional) and a multistep survey?
Single-Step/Cross-Sectional
-Single contact, written, electronic, face-to-face, telephone
Multistep Survey (Delphi Technique) -Series of mailed questionnaires that become more specific based on responses
- Explain the difference between a community forum and a focus group.
Community Forum (Town Hall Meeting)- moderated and recorded meetings, members of priority population can share thoughts.
Focus Group- usually 8-12 people, more in-depth feelings, perceptions, beliefs, etc.
What are the six steps in the needs assessment process, as identified in this chapter?
Needs Assessment Process
- Determining the Purpose and Scope
- Gathering Data
- Analyzing Data
- Identifying Risk Factors Linked to Health Problems
- Identifying the Program Focus
- Validating the Need
- What is health impact assessment (HIA) and how could it affect a needs assessment?
Health impact assessments assess the possible impact of a program, policy, or project on the health of a population. (Lecture definition)
HIA has been defined as “a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population” - in other words, an HIA is an “approach that can help to identify and consider the potential- or actual- health impacts of a proposal on a population.” (Book definition)
What is meant by measurement?
Measurement- The process of assigning numbers or labels to objects, events, or people, according to a particular set of rules.
What is meant by qualitative and quantitative measures?
Quantitative- transformed into numerical data
Qualitative- in the language of the participants; words
Why is measurement such an important process when it comes to program planning and evaluation?
Knowledge of data management is essential throughout the life of a program:
- Locating evidence for a rational
- Conducting a needs assessment
- Planning an evaluation
- Generating evidence for a funding agency
Explain nominal level measurement.
Categorical (names), mutually exclusive, exhaustive, no particular value or order
Examples: smoker/non-smoker, type of car, hair color: blonde, brown, red, black
“What is your sex?”; there are only two possible answers
Explain Ordinal level measurement.
Categorical, mutually exclusive, exhaustive, ranked order, CANNOT measure distance between categories, show sequence only
Examples: Likert scale, place in a race
“How would you describe your level of satisfaction with your health care? (Select one) Very Satisfied - Satisfied - Not Satisfied
Explain Internal level measurement.
Categorical, mutually exclusive, exhaustive, ranked order, CAN measure distance between categories, NO absolute zero, intervals are evenly spaced
Examples: fahrenheit: 90-100 degrees is same distance as 40-50 degrees
“What was the high temperature today?”
Explain ratio level measurement.
Scale, mutually exclusive, exhaustive, ranked order, CAN measure distance between categories, there IS an absolute zero, numbers can be compared as multiples of one another
Example: height, weight, degrees Kelvin
“What was your score on the test?”
What are the most common types of measures (variables) used in needs assessments and evaluations? Name all nine examples given in the book.
- Demographics
- Awareness
- Knowledge
- Psychosocial Characteristics
- Skills
- Behaviors
- Environmental
- Heath Outcomes
- Quality of Life
What is reliability?
Reliability
Consistency in the measurement process
Reliably produces the same result
What is Validity?
Validity
Measures what it is intended to measure
Correctly measuring concepts under investigation
- What ethical issues are associated with measurement.
HIPAA
Voluntary participation is a must; not coerced or deceived to participate
Right to discontinue participation
Private and sensitive data must be protected
What is a pilot test?
A set of procedures used by planners/evaluators to try out various processes during programs development on a small group of subjects prior to actual use/implementation.
Purpose - to identify and correct the problems
Name the four types of pilot testing.
Preliminary Review- With colleagues, not priority population
Pre-pilot (or mini-pilots)- Small # (5-6) from priority population
Pilot test- 25-50 from priority population
Field study- Combines all materials previously tested into a complete program
