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A&P I > Module Problem Set 1 > Flashcards

Module Problem Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Six levels of organization of the body are_______?

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ,organ system, organism

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2
Q

protection from internal environment or external environment is provided by what system?

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

the function of movement is provided by what system?

A

mucsular system

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4
Q

the function of responsiveness is______?

A

nervous system

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5
Q

the function of digestion is_____?

A

digestive

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6
Q

What are the 3 steps in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Citric Acid and electron transport

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7
Q

What is the purpose of ATP?

A

ATP is a molecule that gives energy to the cells

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8
Q

Epithelial cells perform what functions?

A

Epithelial cells secrete and absorb.

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9
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Epithelium, muscle, connective and nervous tissues

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10
Q

What is anabolism?

A

makes complex cells from basic ones

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11
Q

What is catabolism?

A

breaks down complex cells from simpler ones

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12
Q

Excretion involves what systems?

A

respiratory, urinary and digestive

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13
Q

The reproduction system is controlled by what other system?

A

hormones from the endoctrine system

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14
Q

Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body?

A

epithelium

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15
Q

toward or at the body surface is called what?

A

superficial

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16
Q

away from the body surface is called what?

A

deep

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17
Q

between more medial and more lateral structure is what orientation?

A

intermediate

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18
Q

toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction?

A

medial

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19
Q

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what direction?

A

inferior

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20
Q

toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction

A

superior

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21
Q

toward or at the front of the body is what direction?

A

ventral

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22
Q

is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?

A

distal

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23
Q

is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand?

A

proximal

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24
Q

toward or at the back of the body is what direction?

A

dorsal or posterior

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25
Q

closing of a joint is what action?

A

flexion

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26
Q

opening of a joint is what action?

A

extension

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27
Q

an anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination

A

supination

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28
Q

When in anatomical position, why are the hands in supination?

A

the bones of the forearms (radius/ulna) are uncrossed in the supination position

29
Q

define elevation and depression??

A

elevation is moving upward

depression is moving downward

30
Q

define retraction and protraction…

A

protraction- movement in anterior direction

retraction- movement in posterior direction

31
Q

This body division includes the head, neck and trunk

A

axial division

32
Q

This vertical plane that divides the body into right and left planes

A

sagittal

33
Q

A transverse plane divides the body into two parts

A

superior and inferior

34
Q

These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes

A

oblique

35
Q

This body cavity protects the nervous system…

A

dorsal cavity

36
Q

This body cavity encloses the brain…

A

cranial cavity

37
Q

This cavity encloses the spinal cord…

A

spinal cavity

38
Q

The frontal plane is also known as the……

A

coronal

39
Q

The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities…

A

thoratic and adbominopelvic

40
Q

This cavity encloses the heart

A

pericardial cavity

41
Q

The outer surface of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called

A

serosa

42
Q

What is pleurisy?

A

inflamation of the pleurae

43
Q

the abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants?

A

right upper, left upper

right lower, left lower

44
Q

This region surrounds the naval

A

umbilical

45
Q

This region houses the pelvis

A

lliac

46
Q

This cavity houses the teeth and tongue

A

oral cavity

47
Q

this cavity houses the eyes

A

orbital

48
Q

Joints are lined with what?

A

synovial fluid

49
Q

Name the Synovial cavity’s middle ear bones

A

middle ear: malleus, incus, stapes

50
Q

Explain why active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small

A

Active metabolizing cells need to be small because as the cell expands, the surface area decreases. The metabolic cells are able to process waste and diffusions at a faster speed.

51
Q

Explain 3 differences between prokaroyotic and eukaryotic cells.

A
  1. prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukayotic cells (prokaryotic means “before the nucleus”)
  2. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane
  3. prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles
52
Q

Define Nucleus

A

Contains DNA and is the control center of the cell

53
Q

what are ribosomes?

A

tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins

54
Q

what is Smooth ER?

A

synthesis of lipids

55
Q

what is rough ER?

A

modifies and transports proteins

56
Q

what is RNA, or ribonucleaic acid synthesize?

A

proteins

57
Q

what is endospore?

A

extremely durable and dormant cell that is made from bacteria which can lead to botulism;

58
Q

what is golgi complex?

A

receives lipids and proteins synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum , altering their structures and shipping them to other parts of the cell

59
Q

What is Lysosome?

A

digestive enzymes which break down biomarcomolescules

60
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

converts chemical energy found in ATP (which provides energy for the cell)

61
Q

What is plasma membrane?

A

surrounds cells and contains “pumps” and gates” that regulate the passage of materials in & out of cell.

62
Q

what are microtubules ?

A

hollow and attached to MTOC

63
Q

what are microfilaments?

A

are solid and create movement

64
Q

extracellular matrix

A

has collagen fibers which are found in humans and animals

65
Q

Describe aerobic respiration and purpose of ATP

A

Eukayrokic cells must have mitochondria in order to converts chemical energy found in food (glucose) into ATP. ATP provides energy to the cell.During cellular respiration, oxygen helps break down the food. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP are made here.

66
Q

What is tay-sachs disease?

A

Lacks digestive enzyme, lysosomes. Toxic lipid in brain cells cannot be broken down.. Lipids build up which can cause disability and death

67
Q

What are 3 main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

size, organelles and membranes

68
Q

Diffusion is a form of what kind of transport? Passive or Active? Why?

A

Passive because more energy is released

A&P I (1 decks)

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