Module One

Question 1

Anatomy vs physiology

Answer 1

Anatomy = bodily structure of humans animals and other living organisms

Physiology = deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts

Question 2

List of the levels of human structure from simplest to most complex (9)

Answer 2

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Macromolecules
4. Organelles
5. Cells
6. Tissues
7. Organs
8. Organ systems
9. Organism

Question 3

11 organ systems and acronym

Answer 3

My sister Rachel is extremely nervous cuz uncle donny lied recently

Muscular Digestive
Skeletal Lymphatic
Respiratory Reproductive
Integumentary
Endocrine
Nervous
Circulatory
Urinary

Question 4

5 groups of organ systems

Answer 4

Support and movement
- muscular and skeletal

Environmental exchange
- respiratory, digestive, urinary

Continuity of life - reproductive

Control of regulation - endocrine, nervous

Fluids, transport and defence
- circulatory, lymphatic

Question 5

What does “functional integration” mean

Answer 5

All cells, tissues, organs, organ systems work together to maintain life functions

Question 6

ELEMENTS

define it
96% of the human body is which 4 elements

Answer 6

A substance where all the particles (atoms) are exactly the same

Oxygen 65
Carbon 19
Hydrogen 10
Nitrogen 3

Question 7

Molecules

Answer 7

Made up of atoms

Described by 2 formulas
- molecular formula = elements and how many eg. C6h12o6

• structural formula = elements, how many and structure
  Eh. Pentagon

Question 8

Chemical reactions

Answer 8

Chemical reactions involve changes in the relationships between atoms/ molecules

3 types
- synthesis, decomposition, exchange

Result of collisions between atoms/molecules. The more frequent and forceful the collisions = the more likely a chemical bond forms

Question 9

3 types of chemical reactions

Answer 9

Synthesis
- atoms/ small molecules bond together to form larger more complex molecules

Decomposition
- chemical bonds are broken in large molecules resulting in smaller, less complex molecules

Exchange
- chemical bonds are both made and broken

Question 10

Catalyst (enzymes)

Answer 10

A substance that increases the rate of reaction

Enzymes = biological catalysts

• protein molecules
• don’t participate but bring substrates together
• each chemical reaction requires a specific enzyme with a specific active site to bind with the substrate

Question 11

Lock and key

Answer 11

1 substrate binds to active site to form an enzyme - substrate complex

2. Shape changes allowing products to form
3. Product is released. Enzyme returns to original shape and catalyses another reaction

Question 12

Electrolytes

Answer 12

All ions are electrolytes ( cations +, anions -)

Electrolytes conduct an electric current in water

Present in all body fluids

Essential for normal body functions

3 types of electrolytes

Question 13

3 types of electrolytes

Answer 13

Salts

Acids

• sour (citrus/ vinegar)
• releases H+ ions in solution

Bases

• bitter (bleach)
• ions that can bind H+ ions

Question 14

PH scale

Answer 14

Way to measure H+ ions in a solution (0-14)

Water = 7

1-7 acidic more H+ ions

7-14 basic/alkaline more base ions than H+ ions

Question 15

Major Cation and anion in extracellular fluid

Answer 15

Cation = sodium

Anion = chloride

Question 16

Macromolecules 2 classss

Answer 16

Organic - contain both hydrogen and carbon

Inorganic - don’t contain both carbon and hydrogen

Question 17

Macromolecules

4 classes of organic macromolecules in our body

Answer 17

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins

Question 18

What are macromolecules

Answer 18

Polymers

Chain like molecules made up of similar or repeating units called monomers