Module one Flashcards
What is life
adapt to environment
Regulate themselves
Grow and develop
Respond to environment
Have order structure
Evolve
What is biological hierarchy
Biosphere ecosystem communities populations organisms organs tissues cells organelles molecules
What is relation between dna genes etc
DNA encodes genes
Genes encode proteins
Through transcription- copying sequence and then translation making the protein
What are prokaryote examples
Ecoli bacteria
What are eukaryotes
Animal and plant cells
What do cells need
Something to enclose cellular contents
Ability to control flux of molecules between inside and outside
Components that can perform jobs
The ability to utilise energy
Heritable information
What defines eukaryotic cells
Internal membrane strcture
Larger animal and plants
What defines prokaryotes
No membrane bound organelles
Bacterial and are much shorter
What are unique features in plant cells
Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Toroplasts Cell Wall Plasmodesta
How is nucleus arranged in eukaryotes
Double nuclear membrane
Contains chromatin- DNA plus protein
What is the nucleolus
Where ribosomes are assembled
What do ribosomes do
Read the mRNA and produce encoded protein via a process called translation
Where are ribosomes found
Free in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough ER
What is rough ER
Where ribosomes exist
What is smooth ER
Responsible for synthesis
After synthesis in ER where do proteins move
They are packaged into vesicles and transported to Golgi-
What’s role of Golgi apparatus
Sorting and distribution
What is mitochondria
Respiratory centres
Two membranes outer is smooth inner is folded into crustal and shelf like structures
What does it mean by mitochondria existing as semi autonomous organisms
Have own dna and ribosomes make own proteins
Whats eqn for cellular respiration
Glucose plus oxygen into carbon dioxide and water plus ATP
What r chloroplasts composed of (plant cells only)
Organelle called a plastid
Chlorophyll pigment
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts
What is the formation of chloroplasts
Stacks of thylakoids called granums
What is a cytoskeleton
Dynamic set of filaments
Thin and long threads
Microtubules micro filaments and intermediate filaments
What does it allow for
Membrane ruffling
Explore its environment and engulf things it finds
Due to cytoskeletal extensions
