Module one

Question 1

What is life

Answer 1

adapt to environment
Regulate themselves
Grow and develop
Respond to environment
Have order structure
Evolve

Question 2

What is biological hierarchy

Answer 2

Biosphere ecosystem communities populations organisms organs tissues cells organelles molecules

Question 3

What is relation between dna genes etc

Answer 3

DNA encodes genes
Genes encode proteins
Through transcription- copying sequence and then translation making the protein

Question 4

What are prokaryote examples

Answer 4

Ecoli bacteria

Question 5

What are eukaryotes

Answer 5

Animal and plant cells

Question 6

What do cells need

Answer 6

Something to enclose cellular contents
Ability to control flux of molecules between inside and outside
Components that can perform jobs
The ability to utilise energy
Heritable information

Question 7

What defines eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Internal membrane strcture
Larger animal and plants

Question 8

What defines prokaryotes

Answer 8

No membrane bound organelles
Bacterial and are much shorter

Question 9

What are unique features in plant cells

Answer 9

Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Toroplasts Cell Wall Plasmodesta

Question 10

How is nucleus arranged in eukaryotes

Answer 10

Double nuclear membrane
Contains chromatin- DNA plus protein

Question 11

What is the nucleolus

Answer 11

Where ribosomes are assembled

Question 12

What do ribosomes do

Answer 12

Read the mRNA and produce encoded protein via a process called translation

Question 13

Where are ribosomes found

Answer 13

Free in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough ER

Question 14

What is rough ER

Answer 14

Where ribosomes exist

Question 15

What is smooth ER

Answer 15

Responsible for synthesis

Question 16

After synthesis in ER where do proteins move

Answer 16

They are packaged into vesicles and transported to Golgi-

Question 17

What’s role of Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Sorting and distribution

Question 18

What is mitochondria

Answer 18

Respiratory centres
Two membranes outer is smooth inner is folded into crustal and shelf like structures

Question 19

What does it mean by mitochondria existing as semi autonomous organisms

Answer 19

Have own dna and ribosomes make own proteins

Question 20

Whats eqn for cellular respiration

Answer 20

Glucose plus oxygen into carbon dioxide and water plus ATP

Question 21

What r chloroplasts composed of (plant cells only)

Answer 21

Organelle called a plastid
Chlorophyll pigment
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

Question 22

What is the formation of chloroplasts

Answer 22

Stacks of thylakoids called granums

Question 23

What is a cytoskeleton

Answer 23

Dynamic set of filaments
Thin and long threads
Microtubules micro filaments and intermediate filaments

Question 24

What does it allow for

Answer 24

Membrane ruffling
Explore its environment and engulf things it finds
Due to cytoskeletal extensions

Question 25

What is vacuole (plant cells only)

Answer 25

Plant cell regulator
30percent of volume
Houses water

Question 26

What does it do

Answer 26

Keeps turgor pressure

Cytoplasmic ph is kept stable

Question 27

What is extracellular structure within plants and fungi

Answer 27

Rigid strcture outside plasma membrane
Made of polysaccharide