Module: Oliguria (AKI, CKD, Acid-base Disturbances)

Question 1

Peak GFR

Answer 1

120mL/min per 1.73m2

Question 2

Peak GFR is attained at what age?

Answer 2

3rd decade of life

Question 3

Normal annual decline in GFR with age from the peak GFR?

Answer 3

1mL/min per 1.73m2

Question 4

Mean GFR value @ age 70

Answer 4

70mL/min per 1.73m2

Question 5

Risk factors for CKD

Answer 5

SGA
CHILDHOOD OBESITY
HYPERTENSION
DM
ADVANCED AGE
AFRICAN ANCESTRY

Question 6

Not recommended formula for estimating GFR

Answer 6

Cockroft-Gault

Question 7

Recommended formula for estimating GFR

Answer 7

MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease)

CKD-EPI

Question 8

MDRD and CKD-EPI uses

Answer 8

Plasma creatinine, Age, Sex, Ethnicity

Question 9

Helpful for monitoring nephron injury and response to therapy

Answer 9

Measurement of Albuminuria

Question 10

Standard for the measurement of albuminuria

Answer 10

24-hour urine collection

Question 11

Used for protein-to-creatinine ratio

Answer 11

Urine spot check (first morning urine)

Question 12

Surrogate marker of albuminuria

Answer 12

Urine spot check

Question 13

Good screening test for the early detection of renal disease and may be a marker for the presence of microvascular disease in general

Answer 13

Microalbuminuria

Question 14

Range of Microalbuminuria

Answer 14

30 to 300 mg/d

Question 15

Range of Macroalbuminuria

Answer 15

300 to 3500 mg/d

Question 16

Nephrotic range

Answer 16

Greater than 3500 mg/d

Question 17

Presence of microalbuminuria, consider

Answer 17

Early Diabetes
Essential HTN
Early stages of GN

Question 18

Macroalbuminuria, consider

Answer 18

Conditions under micro
Myeloma-assoc kidney disease
Intermittent proteinuria
Postural proteinuria
Congestive heart failure
Fever
Exercise

Question 19

Nephrotic range, consider

Answer 19

Nephrotic syndrome
Diabetes
Amyloidosis
Minimal change dse
FSGS
Membranous glomerulopathy
IgA Nephropathy

Question 20

Recite KDIGO classification

Answer 20

Refer page 2 trans

Question 21

Green

Answer 21

Low risk, no other markers of kidney disease, no CKD

Question 22

Yellow

Answer 22

Moderate risk

Question 23

Orange

Answer 23

High risk

Question 24

Red

Answer 24

Very High risk

Question 25

Pathophysiology of CKD

Answer 25

1. Initiating mechanisms
   - genetics
   - immune complex deposition and inflammation
   - toxin exposure
2. Set of progressive mechanisms
   - hyperfiltration and hypertrophy of the remaining and viable nephrons