Module Nine Flashcards
What is dna database
Mass storage of DNa
Codis combined DNA index system
Us 1994
Main database made by and used by fbi
Largest running database
Includes profiles of felons arrestes of federal crimes undocumentated immigrants. Started w sexual assault because most dna was with those. 5 million profiles as of 2011.
Ndnad - uk national dna database
1995
4.7 million profiles as of 2011
30,000 new samples/ month
More people in uk being represented
Includes DNA profiles recovered from crime scenes, police suspects, anyone arrested and detained at police station for a recordable offence
Permanent retention of DNA profiles and samples regardless of if you were convicted
Permanent retention of DNA profiles and samples
Ncidd - national criminal investigation DNA database australia
3 DNA databases in aus used for law enforcement purposes – NCIDD, DVI (disaster victim database) and AFP DNA (Australian federal police database)
Includes profiles from: crime scenes, convicted offences, suspects, missing and unknown deceased person. More than 700,000 profiles as of 2013
Is in Canberra all forensic labs linked to this database. All forensic labs can access this database.
How is the sample collected
DNA samples are either reference or crime scene. Reference: any body fluid or tissue from a person (suspect or convicted), common samples: blood, salvia, hair. Muscle bone or teeth from deceased.
Crime scene:
From person found at crime scene large or small amounts cover small or extensive area of crime scene can degrade or be non degraded can belong to one or multiple persons. Can be recently deposited or been there for years. Visible or not visible.
What are cold hits
When no investigative leads in current investigation. Unsolved cases not under investigation. Run samples through DNA databases to find match. Probation value of cold hit - concern being there being more evidence to make it stronger, if known offender why isn’t there more evidence, botched crime scene lack of resources etc what is the likelihood of that hit being someone else
Case study - cold hit - Diana sylvester 30 year case
Nurse raped and murdered - 30 years later John Puckett was identified through match in less than half of DNA markers
Cold hit case study - Raymond Easton
First recorded case of mistaken identity
Had 6 DNA markers but this DNa was retested and he was exonerated
What is DNA dragnets
Samples taken from individuals without proper case eg voluntary
Case study DNA dragnet juli busken
Raped and murder by nearby lake. Body found in afternoon. Rough description no clear witnesses, no forensic evi on body or car
Semen found in body
DNA dragnet– ballet ensemble, gold course employees, neighbours at apartment complex, over 200 samples after expansion of samples, positive match in 2004 - Anthony Castillo Sanchez
DNA dragnet case study- Colin pitchfork
First mass DNA screen used by police - first conviction based on DNA evidence uk 1987 had grown give DNA sample for him he was retested and matched and convicted
What are familial searches
A familiar may be used to find partial match if no match can be found. This is gendered as it only works w males
Familial search case study - case of the bloody brick 2003
First familial search in uk
Brick thrown from overpass killed truck driver
Brick had 2 DNA samples one from driver no matches in database
Craig Harman convicted after familial search
