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SharksWithFreakingLaserBeams > Module III-Lasers for HAAAHHD Tissue > Flashcards

Module III-Lasers for HAAAHHD Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the laser of choice for Hard Tissue applications?

A

Erbium-YAG (Fotona Lightwalker)

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2
Q

What are the secondary choice lasers for Hard Tissue?

A

Er, Cr YSGG (Bolas)

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3
Q

What ElectroMagnetic Spectrum is associated with Hard Tissue lasers?

A

MID-IR spectrum (2790nm, 2940nm)

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4
Q

What is the % water found in ENAMEL?

A

6% water

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5
Q

What is the % water found in DENTIN?

A

30% water

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6
Q

What is the % water found in CARIES?

A

65% water

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7
Q

Lasers do not CUT hard tissue, ________ cause micro-removal of hard tissues.

A

micro-explosions

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8
Q

Lasers remove Hard Tissue by “photo_____” means. The Chromophore is ______

A

“photoTHERMAL”….water (interstitial)

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9
Q

How long is the typical PULSE duration of the Er-YAG when removing hard tissue?

A

250-450 us (microseconds)

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10
Q

How deep does the laser typically penetrate the hard tissue?

A

125 um (micrometers)

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11
Q

Is there contact used for Hard Tissue ablation?

A

NO, its NON-contact

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12
Q

Do you need water coolant spray when using a laser to remove hard tissue?

A

YES

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13
Q

Do you need to acid etch when using a laser for hard tissue removal?

A

YES

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14
Q

For our lasers we CAN adjust _____ and ______, but we cannot adjust _______

A

CAN-Pulse (Hz) and Energy Density…CANNOT adjust WIDTH

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15
Q

Where do you hold the laser tip in relation to the enamel rods?

A

PERPENDICULAR

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16
Q

What do you do to the enamel surface before using the laser?

A

PRE-Etch

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17
Q

MIND BOTTLING: SMALLER DIAMETER TIP = _______ ENERGY DENSITY (fluence)

A

LARGER

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18
Q

Which part of the laser is cutting the hard tissue?

A

its END cutting - the end of the laser beam

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19
Q

What do you have to do to cleave loose enamel rods after cutting with the laser?

A

use a hand instrument (spoon, hatchet)

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20
Q

What is an example (in microns) of a WIDER tip size for getting into softer tissues?

A

600 microns

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21
Q

Bleaching molecules are ACTIVATED by ______ light and Pulpal Temperatures ______

A

LASER…RISE

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22
Q

Bleaching: A decrease in DARKLY pigmented ________ structures

A

carbon ring structures

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23
Q

Bleaching: a decrease in LIGHTLY pigmented ________ structures

A

UNSATURATED structures

24
Q

Bleaching: a decrease in hydrophilic _________ structures

A

NON-pigmented

25
Q

What is the most essential factor in BLEACHING w lasers?

A

TIMING

26
Q

OVER bleaching- breakdown of the ______ and therefore a release of _____, _____, and enamel loss

A

enamel matrix….CO2, H20

27
Q

In laser bleaching we are essentially removing stains imbedded in the _______

A

enamel tubules

28
Q

In laser bleaching, the ______ is not really bleached so the stains WILL _______

A

enamel….RE-OCCUR

29
Q

RCT Tx- Removal of organic remnants and open _____ tubules

A

Dentin

30
Q

RCT Tx- what does P.I.P.S. stand for? What type of laser is used?

A

Photon Induced Photoacoustic Streaming…Erbium-YAG

31
Q

RCT Tx- Which step can PIPS replace in cleaning the root?

A

Irrigation with NaOCl

32
Q

RCT Tx-Which two lasers have FDA clearance for endo? which two DO NOT?

A

Do: Er-YAG and Er/Cr-YSGG….DO NOT: Diode and NdYAG

33
Q

Diagodent detects caries by the laser fluorescence of ______

A

bacteria

34
Q

What values do you expect to see on the Diagodent with caries into the DENTIN?

A

values from 20-99

35
Q

What Diagodent values do you see with caries in the enamel?

A

5-10

36
Q

Diagodent when combined with other caries detecting methods had a ___% success rate in diagnosing caries

A

90%…BOOM GOES THE DYNAMITE

37
Q

Enamel is transparent to what color light?

A

RED

38
Q

What are the molecules that create IR fluorescence during the demineralization process?

A

PORPHYRINS

39
Q

When detecting caries with Diagodent- the surfaces of the teeth MUST be _______ before scanning.

A

CLEAN

40
Q

What does OCT stand for?

A

Optical Coherence Tomography

41
Q

In OCT transmission thru the enamel is in the ______ spectrum range.

A

NEAR IR (1310-1550)

42
Q

How many dimensions can OCT produce in an image? How deep can the scan go?

A

3D…3mm

43
Q

OCT uses a _______ unit, which splits light and recombines it.

A

INTER-FER-O-METRY unit

44
Q

OCT is comparable to an optical ________

A

ultrasound

45
Q

OCT has a higher resolution of ___u because it uses ______ rather than sound or radio frequency.

A

10u…light

46
Q

Is OCT ionizing or non-ionizing raditaiton

A

non-ionizing

47
Q

Which laser can we use to get rid of carbonated hydroxyapatite and replace it with fluroapatite?

A

9.6um CO2 laser

48
Q

The 9.6um CO2 laser CONVERTS remaining mineral to a ______ resistant form (fluroapatite)

A

caries

49
Q

What is the maximum pulp temp change when using a 9.6um CO2 laser? What are the temps of the walls of the prep?

A

no more than 4 deg C….80-100 deg C

50
Q

Normal-Healthy tissue emits a bright ______-_____ fluorescence.

A

white-green

51
Q

What is the wavelength used for dysplasia detection?

A

430nm (blue)

52
Q

What are the three fluorophores were looking for in the oral mucosa?

A

NADH, FAD, and Collagen Crosslinks

53
Q

THINK:::Cancer cells have a ______ metabolism compared to normal cells, so there is a decrease in _____ and an increase in _____

A

higher…decrease in FAD….increase in NADH

54
Q

As cancer increases, new blood capillaries are formed. Blood absorbs at ___nm

A

410nm

55
Q

Dysplastic tissue- decomposition of ______ matrix, stromal fluorescence is ______

A

collagen….reduced

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