Module H Flashcards
Bones
Hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and together form the framework of the body.
Contracture
Permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
Joints
The point where bones meet, made up of connective tissue called cartilage that cushions bones and keeps them from rubbing together during movement
Muscles
structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps stay erect
Central nervous system or (CNS)
one of the two divisions of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
one of the two divisions of the nervous system that includes nerves that’s throughout the body
Expiration
involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide
Inspiration
involves the breathing in of oxygen
Respiratory System
involves the breathing in of oxygen ( inspiration) and the breathing out of carbon dioxide (expiration)
Constipation
inability to have a stool or infrequent, difficult, and possibly painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.
Diarrhea
Liquid stool
Enema
specific amount of water that may or may not have an additive and is inserted into the colon to stimulate passage of stool
Fecal impaction
Hard stool stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled resulting in ongoing constipation.
Flatulence
Gas
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
chronic condition when liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus and that can damage the lining of the esophagus.
Ulcerative Coliti
chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine; serious condition that can result in a colostomy.
Kidney Stones (or renal calculi)
Jagged stones formed when urine crystalizes in the kidneys that can block kidneys and ureters causing excruciating pain.
Urinary incontinence
Inability to control the bladder leading to an involuntary loss of urine
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
an infection of urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney typically caused by E. Coli, a bacteria found in the digestive system
Reproductive System
system that allows human beings to create a new human life and may be subdivided into a two categories (1) the female reproductive system and (2) the male reproductive system
Glands
an organ that secretes chemicals, called hormones that regulate bodily function
Peristalsis
Involuntary contractions that move food through the digestive system
Arthritis
inflammation or swelling of the joints causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility
Osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease affecting the elderly and may occur with aging or joint injury, usually involving weight-bearing hips and knees.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
systemic, crippling disease-causing deformities, with stiff, painful, swollen joints.
Osteoporosis
loss of bone density causing bones to become porous and brittle, resulting in bones breaking easily
Closed Fracture
a broken bone that does not break the skin
Open fracture
a broken bone that breaks through the skin
Prothesis
device that replaces body part that is missing or deformed
amputation
removal of all or part of a limb because of a disease or an accident
Phantom sensation
the feeling that amputated body part is still there
Phantom pain
pain experienced in the area that a body part has been amputated possibly due to damaged nerve endings
Parkinson’s Disease
Progressive, incurable disease that causes a part of the brain to degenerate, resulting in stiffening muscles, shuffling gait, and bent posture
Paraplegia
complete loss of function occurs to the lower body
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Myocardial Infarction ( heart attack or MI)
a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart
Congestive Heart Failure (or CHF)
when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively
Peripheral Vascular Disease (or PVD)
poor circulation of legs, feet, arms, hands due to fatty deposits that harden in blood vessels
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
chronic, progressive disease of the lungs causing trouble breathing, particularly getting air out of lungs; includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Emphysema
chronic, progressive disease of the lungs causing irreversible damage, usually resulting from chronic bronchitis and smoking
Pneumonia
acute (sudden onset) infection of the lung or lungs caused by bacteria, virus, or fungus
Asthma
chronic inflammatory disease occurring when the respiratory system reacts quickly and strongly to irritants, such as pollen and dust, characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a sense of tightness or constriction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles
Upper respiratory infection (or URI or a cold)
viral or bacterial infection of nose, sinuses, and throat with nasal drainage, sneezing, sore throat, fever, and tiredness.
Diabetes (or DM)
the most common disorder of the endocrine system and occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not use insulin properly causing sugar build up in the blood
Type 1 diabetes
a lifelong condition typically beginning during childhood and early adult when the pancreas does not produce insulin
Type 2 diabetes
a type of diabetes that develops after about age 35 when the pancreas secretes insulin, but does not use it well
Gestational diabetes
a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (or AIDS)
Disease caused by a virus and attacks the -immune system and destroys infection-fighting and cancer-fighting cells of the body
Tumor
growth of abnormal cells which may be benign or malignant
Benign tumor
a non-life threatening, non- cancerous tumor that does not spread to other body parts
Malignant tumor
a cancerous tumor that invades and destroys nearby tissues and can spread to other parts of the body
Cognitive Impairment
poor judgment, memory loss, inability to solve problems, confusion
Shingles ( or Herpes Zoster)
a disease caused by a virus, most common in people over 50, with signs that include a rash or blisters on one side of the body, burning pain, numbness and itching
Dermatitis
inflammation of skin
Total Knee replacement (or TKR)
surgical replacement of the knee with a prosthesis performed to relieve pain and restore mobility, damaged by arthritis or injury
Quariplegia
complete loss of function occurs to lower and upper body, plus trunk
Angina pectoris (or angina)
chest pain occurring when the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen due to narrowed blood vessels, brought about by exercise, stress, excitement, or digesting a big meal.
