Module Exam 2 (UW)

Question 1

Define Unconventional Warfare, ATP 3-05 – know verbatim p. Glossary-6, p. (198)

Answer 1

Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through, or with an underground, auxiliary and guerilla force in a denied area.

Question 2

Define Clandestine Operation, ATP 3-05.1, p. Glossary-4, p. (196) (*probably matching definition)

Answer 2

An operation sponsored or conducted or conducted by government departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. A clandestine operation differs from a covert operation in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the operation rather than on concealment of identity of the sponsor. In special operations, an activity may be both covert and clandestine and may focus equally on operational considerations and intelligence related activities.

Question 3

Define Covert Operations, ATP 3-05 p. Glossary-4, p. (196)

Answer 3

An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor.

Question 4

Define Guerilla Warfare, ATP 3-05 p. Glossary-4, p. (196)

Answer 4

Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy held or hostile territory by irregular, predominately indigenous forces.

Question 5

Define Insurgency, ATP 3-05 p. Glossary-5, p. (197)

Answer 5

The organized use of subversion and violence by a group or a movement that seeks to overthrow or force change of a governing authority. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself.

Question 6

Define Resistance Movement, ATP 3-05.1, p. Glossary-6 (198)

Answer 6

An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability

Question 7

Define Denied Area, ATP 3-05.1 p. Glossary-4, p. (196)

Answer 7

An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities.

Question 8

Define Subversion, ATP 3-05.1, p. 3-2 (48)

Answer 8

Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological or political strength or morale of a governing authority

Question 9

Define Area Command, who do they work for ATP 3-05 p. Glossary-4, p. (196)

Answer 9

In unconventional warfare, the irregular organizational structure established within an unconventional warfare operational area to command and control irregular forces advised by army special forces

Question 10

Understand the Categories of Resupply. ATP 3-05.1 p. 4-6 (Accompanying vs. External (on call, emergency, automatic))

Answer 10

Accompanying Supply - The SFODA may take accompanying supplies into the JSOA at the time of infiltration. The SFODA receives these supplies in isolation at the JSOTF or SOTF. While undergoing mission preparation in isolation, the SFODA prepares and rigs accompanying supplies for delivery in conjunction with infiltration. This preparation must include packaging and load consideration to facilitate transportation subsequent to infiltration. The situation may dictate that these supplies are cached following infiltration for later use. The threat in the JSOA dictates the quantity and type of supplies and equipment the SFODA can include. Other influences are the—
• Capabilities, size, and responsiveness of the guerrilla force to sponsor assistance.
• Enemy capabilities and situation.
• Method of infiltration (air, land, or sea).
• Requirements for survival, evasion, resistance, and escape.
• Available resources in the JSOA.
• Size and capability of the reception committee.
• Requirements for sustaining operations pending receipt of an automatic resupply.
• Need for key items of equipment to partially equip a cadre nucleus of the guerrilla force when the
• SFODA expects a reception committee upon infiltration.
• Other items of equipment and supplies to help establish rapport with the guerrillas.

Question 11

External resupply

Answer 11

External resupplies are procured and delivered to the JSOA by the sponsor (JSOTF), based on the needs of the resistance force or insurgents, as well as the detachment. Resupply is planned in isolation to be delivered after infiltration at a coordinated location and time automatically (automatic), as requested (on-call or routine), or based upon a no-communications trigger (emergency). The detachment preselects resupply items and delivery merchandise during isolation to replenish or supplement supplies its members consume or to fulfill other requirements. The detachment receives these items after infiltration.

Question 12

What are the three types of external resupply according to ATP 3-18.1, p. M-9 and M-10

Answer 12

Automatic

On Call

Emergency

Question 13

Automatic Resupply

Answer 13

The detachment plans for automatic resupply before infiltration, coordinating for the delivery time, location, contents, and the identification marking system or authentication. Automatic resupply is delivered after the detachment successfully infiltrates and establishes radio contact, unless delivery is cancelled, modified, or rescheduled. Automatic resupply may consist of items that are mission essential but could not feasibly accompany the detachment due to the nature or mode of infiltration.

Question 14

On Call

Answer 14

When the detachment establishes communications with the JSOTF or SOTF, external supply begins on call. Personnel use the abbreviated code of a catalog supply system contained in the SOI to request supplies based on operational need. These supplies consist of major equipment items that units do not consume at a predictable rate. Supplies are packed and rigged into man-portable loads and color coded according to type of supplies for immediate identification. If airdropped, supply personnel normally pack equipment and supplies in appropriate delivery containers that have a cargo capacity of 500 pounds or less to ease handling and transportation within the JSOA. To allow rapid clearance of the DZ, personnel ensure the contents of each container are in man-portable units of about 50 pounds each.

Question 15

Emergency

Answer 15

The purpose of the emergency resupply is to provide essential equipment and supplies in order to restore operational capability and survivability of the detachment. Typical items contained in the bundle may be communications equipment, batteries, weapons, ammunition, money, and handheld Global Positioning Systems.
A coded message, a radio request, or the absence of any detachment communication over a prearranged period can trigger an emergency resupply. As a minimum, resupply should consist of communications equipment and enough mission-essential supplies to establish base contact.

Question 16

Understand AP 1 of the Geneva Convention - According to additional protocol 1 in the Geneva Conventions, under no circumstances are US personnel allowed to wear enemy uniforms while conducting UW.

Answer 16

True

TC 18-01, p. 3-19 (55), para. 3-110 - The Hague Conventions of 1907 prohibit the improper use of the enemy’s uniform, such as wearing the enemy’s uniform while engaged in combat. It permits some use of the enemy’s uniform, but it is difficult for personnel to discern the proper use. Although wearing the uniform while engaged in actual combat is unlawful, U.S. forces may wear it to allow movement into and through the enemy’s territory. U.S. policy states that Soldiers may use the enemy’s uniform for infiltration behind enemy lines. However, Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions prohibits this and other uses of the enemy’s uniform. An enemy nation party to Additional Protocol I may consider the use of its uniform by U.S. forces as a war crime.

Question 17

Describe all Seven phases of UW – ATP 3-05.1, p. 2-8 to 2-16 (26-34)

Answer 17

1. Preparation
2. Initial Contact
3. Infiltration
4. Organization
5. Buildup
6. Employment
7. Transition

Question 18

Know the mission of a Pilot Team

Answer 18

(Feasibility assessment vs. Vanguard)

Question 19

Pilot team operations must be conducted prior to the decision to conduct UW

Answer 19

False

ATP 3-18.1, p. 4-18 (120), paras. 4-86 through 4-88
4-86. Pilot teams have two different potential functions: as primarily a feasibility assessment team or as primarily a vanguard team for a larger planned force. The former traditional assessment role is, by definition, a mission prior to approval to conduct UW; it is PE—not UW per se. The traditional mission of a pilot team as carried forward in ATP 3-05.1 is still valid.
4-87. A pilot team with the above traditional mission may be ordered to exfiltrate, pending further policy decisions on whether or not the USG will eventually conduct STR (and in some cases, UW specifically), may be ordered to initiate the conduct of UW at that moment, or it may be ordered to operate as a vanguard element for a larger follow-on force. It is important to acknowledge, however, that until the pilot team is given an order to initiate UW—it is not conducting UW; it is conducting PE.
4-88. By contrast, an operational detachment conducting a UW mission in a denied area may be designated a pilot team with the primary mission of making the initial on-the-ground contact with the resistance, for the purpose of facilitating the reception, staging, onward movement, and integration of planned follow-on forces. A pilot team with a vanguard force primary mission is not primarily doing PE.

Question 20

UW is a national strategic political military tool, under certain circumstances UW may provide the only usable option that the US may achieve its objectives.

Answer 20

True

ATP 3-05.1, p. 1-2 (10), para.1-8 UW is a national strategic politico-military tool. Under certain circumstances, UW may provide the only feasible option by which the USG can achieve its objectives—whether those objectives are to influence, coerce, disrupt, or replace a governing authority; shape attitudes and influence the behavior of a relevant population, group, or individual; or counter an irregular threat. UW is essentially a combination of direct and indirect applications of national power—one that leverages relevant foreign opposition groups, insurgencies, or resistance movements opposing a national government or other governing authority to act in support of the sponsoring state’s national objectives.

Question 21

SOCOM UW capabilities satisfy GCC campaign requirements through the provision of SF support to resistance movements through to denied and uncertain environments.

Answer 21

True

ATP 3-05.1 p. 1-3 (11), para 1-16 The USSOCOM UW capabilities satisfy GCCs’ campaign requirements through the provision of special operations forces’ support to insurgencies and resistance movements, from initial contact through transition to a legitimate governing authority in denied and uncertain environments. USSOCOM has a Title 10, USC, Section 167, responsibility to provide specialized forces developed, recruited, selected, trained, organized, equipped, and of conducting the military aspects of UW.

Question 22

When advising the resistance leadership, what are some factors to be considered by the SF commander? ATP 3-05.1 Page 2-11 (29) para. 2-49

Answer 22

1. Effectiveness of existing resistance organization
2. Extent of cooperation between the resistance organization and local population
3. Level of hostile activity and security measures
4. Political boundaries, natural terrain features, potential targets, and the population density of the operational environment
5. Religious, ethnic, political, and ideological differences among elements of the population and competing resistance organizations
   6 Proposed type and scope of combat operations
6. Degree of us influence with the resistance organization

Question 23

Which phase of unconventional warfare is thought to be the most difficult and why? Transition -

Answer 23

ATP 3-18.1, p. 4-28 (130)
ATP 3-05.1, p. 2-15 (33)
TC 18-01, p. 3-8 (44)

Question 24

What other ARSOF unit is specially trained to assist a newly in power regime to establish an administration to provide public security to its populace.

Answer 24

Civil Affairs – Critical for Transition

Question 25

19. What are the two main considerations for communications planning in a UW environment? ATP 3-05.1, p. E-6+7 (164-165) Answer at top of pages, Descriptions follow

Answer 25

a. Means of Delivery

b. Content

Question 26

Describe the area complex, Page 2-22 and Page 2-24

Answer 26

a. Complex, dispersed network of facilities to support resistance activities in a given area.
b. Is contested territory or an area that contains clandestine supporting infrastructure it is not liberated territory.
c. Supplies bulk of resistance logistical needs

ATP 3-05.1 p. 2-98 (40) An area complex is a clandestine, dispersed network of facilities to support resistance activities in a given area. The area complex is contested territory or an area that contains clandestine supporting infrastructure. It is not liberated territory. It represents the insurgent’s AO. Insurgent forces can maintain their clandestine infrastructure in the area complex. The clandestine infrastructure provides insurgent forces with a measure of freedom of movement and support. These areas overlay areas under the control of the government or occupying military. These areas can eventually transform into liberated areas if the enemy’s ability to challenge the insurgent forces degrades to a level of parity with the guerrilla forces. To support resistance activities, an area complex must include a security system, guerrilla bases, communications, logistics, medical facilities, and a series of networks capable of moving personnel and supplies. The area complex may consist of friendly villages, towns, or portions of urban areas under guerrilla military or political control.

Question 27

Describe role of ODA commander during detailed planning, ATP 3-18.1 p. 4-14 (116) section 4-10ish

Answer 27

The commander commands and controls the operational detachment. He ensures the operational detachment completes mission preparation according to the higher commander’s OPORD or OPLAN and the operational detachment’s OPORD. The commander ensures all operational detachment members know and understand the operational detachment’s OPORD. He approves tentative changes to the OPORD if the changes satisfy requirements according to his intent, identify mission objectives, and follow the higher commander’s OPLAN or OPORD. The commander ensures all legal questions have been clarified and all operational plans are according to applicable legal guidance and directives. The commander is overall responsible for command of the operational detachment’s preparation for all planned STR activities.

Question 28

SFODA Operations SGT during detailed, pre infiltration planning, ATP 3-18.1 p. 4-15 (117)

Answer 28

The operational detachment S-3 leads all mission preparations according to the event time plan. He oversees OPSEC as the operational detachment continues mission preparations with members of the supporting higher staff. The S-3 ensures deception, PSYOP, CA, fires and other support needed in the JSOA is coordinated with the operational detachment and incorporated into the plan. He incorporates any approved changes from higher echelons into the operational detachment’s OPORD and disseminates all approved OPORD changes to the operational detachment. He assigns mission tasks to operational detachment members. The S-3 ensures operational detachment predeployment training and rehearsals are according to the operational detachment’s OPORD, the resistance training program of instruction in the language spoken within the JSOA, the unit’s SOP, and the time event plan. He ensures weapons are test fired. The operations sergeant prepares all scheme of maneuver requirements necessary to achieve the mission from departure of the isolation area, to staging areas, through infiltration of and movement in a denied area, actions on the objective, exfiltration and recovery to friendly control. The operations sergeant assigns the preparation, approval, and delivery of the SF evasion and recovery plan. He oversees all operational detachment preparations for comprehensive resistance support appropriate to the specific mission requirements. (See Appendix K, Infiltration and Exfiltration Considerations; and Appendix V, Special Forces Advisor’s Guide to the Combat Employment of Guerrilla Forces.)

Question 29

Describe the two forms of warfare – ATP 3-18.1 p.1-1 (21)

Answer 29

Traditional Warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states. With the increasingly rare case of formally declared war, traditional warfare typically involves force-on-force military operations in which adversaries employ a variety of conventional forces and SOF against each other in all physical domains, as well as the information environment (which includes cyberspace).

Irregular warfare is characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). In irregular warfare, a less powerful adversary seeks to disrupt or negate the military capabilities and advantages of a more powerful military force, which usually serves that nation’s established government.

Question 30

What 3 characteristics that make UW favorable for US Support ATP 3-05.1 p.1-5 (14)

Answer 30

1. Willingness to cooperate with the US
2. Compatible objectives with US ideology
3. Capable resistance leadership

Question 31

What are the three primary goals of large-scale involvement in UW operations. ATP 3-05.1 Page 1-4 (13) para. 1-20

Answer 31

1. Facilitate eventual introduction of conventional forces
2. Facilitate friendly offensive or defensive operations
3. Divert enemy resources away from other parts of the operational area.

Question 32

Report for automatic resupply, ATP 3-18.1, p. K-4 para. K-15

Answer 32

ANGUS Report, 3-18 Page K-4

If the deployed SF operational detachment fails to send its initial entry report (ANGUS) to the SF operational detachment or SOTF by radio within 72 hours after scheduled deployment, it may, according to the OPORD, start emergency resupply procedures. The SF operational detachment is now assumed to be in an evasion mode. The emergency resupply may be flown by any aircraft and airdropped or airlanded in the JSOA. Any waterborne vessel may transport an emergency resupply to a beach landing site. The resupply may also be pre-positioned in the evasion corridor by various U.S. agencies.

Question 33

Who is in charge of indigenous resistance logistics? ATP 3-18.1 p. M-2, para. M-4

Answer 33

Area Commander

The resistance will have its own conceptions and terminology to characterize how it is organized, led, and secured. U.S. UW doctrine uses the term area command to characterize the basic command organization structure (figure M-1, page M-3).