Module/Class 1 Flashcards
What is ontology?
A thought process. What exists in the world that we CAN know about?
Our ontology affects how we understand the nursing metaparadigm.
What are two ontological viewpoints?
Realist: one reality and one truth exist, and is not influenced by humans.
Relativist: multiple realities and truths exist, reality is influenced by each human, values what is INSIDE each human.
Is nursing realist, relativist, or both?
It is both. Some things have standard set in place, e.g. procedures, values.
Other things we set importance in recognizing the difference between individuals and their circumstances.
What is epistemology?
It considers how we develop knowledge and what we can know about it. It represents our tools and methods for learning.
Our epistemology influences our judgement of what constitutes nursing knowledge and how it can be developed.
What are epistemological viewpoints?
Objectivist: one objective truth/reality. Reality is independent of humans and external. We CAN know everything.
Constructivist: multiple truths/realities that are dependent and constructed by humans. We CANNOT know everything.
What is philosophy?
It is our worldview, what we believe and assume of the world.
What are philosophical viewpoints?
Positivist: the scientific method is used to identify ONE truth.
Post-positivist/constructivist: multiple methods are used to understand MULTIPLE truths and experiences.
What is “knowing”?
Knowing is fluid, and is unique to our personal existence and experiences. Asserts that reality cannot be fully by theory or textbook.
How is nursing’s “whole of knowing” expressed?
It is demonstrated through actions, movements, and sounds during fluid nursing situations.
Ways of Knowing: what is intuitive knowing?
Intuition is our gut feelings, emotions, and sensations about something.
Ways of Knowing: what is authority knowing?
Authority knowing is when we accept information because a trusted expert has told us.
E.g. a manager, priest, doctor tells you something so you believe it.
Ways of Knowing: what is rationalism knowing?
Rationalism knowing is when we know something because of innate, intellectual thoughts, that are not based on observation.
E.g. math, logical rules
Ways of Knowing: what is empiricism knowing?
Empiricism is knowing something through observation, senses, and experience.
Ways of Knowing: what is scientific method knowing?
Scientific method knowing is systematically collecting and evaluating evidence with the senses to test theories; one step further than empiricism.
E.g. generating evidence to show if a relationship really does exist.
What are Indigenous Ways of Knowing? Explain.
Trusted wisdom handed down through generations, where learning is achieved through experience and relationships with people and the environment.
-Story maps, land links, community links, non-verbal, deconstruct/reconstruct, learning maps, symbols and images.
