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Personal Trainer > Module: Biomechanics > Flashcards

Module: Biomechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of the human movement

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2
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of how forces affect a living body

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3
Q

Ground reaction force

A

An equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground

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4
Q

Qualitative analysis

A

Applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation

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5
Q

Quantitative analysis

A

Taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion

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6
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.

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7
Q

Midline

A

That which is contained within an imaginary line that splits the body into equal halves

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8
Q

Sagittal plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing left and right halves

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9
Q

Frontal plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a front half and back half

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10
Q

Transverse plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and bottom half

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11
Q

Anterior-posterior axis

A

A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back

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12
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

An imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom

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13
Q

Range of motion

A

The amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints

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14
Q

Flexion

A

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases

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15
Q

Extension

A

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases

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16
Q

Abduction

A

A body segment is moving away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

Adduction

A

A body segment is moving toward the midline of the body

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18
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body

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19
Q

External rotation

A

Rotation of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

Pronation

A

A triplanar movement that is associated with force reduction

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21
Q

Supination

A

A triplanar motion that is associated with force production

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22
Q

Flexors

A

A muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint

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23
Q

Extensors

A

A muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint

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24
Q

Abductors

A

A muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint

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25
Q

Adductors

A

A muscle that produces adduction of a limb or joint

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26
Q

Pronators

A

A muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment

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27
Q

Supinators

A

A muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segment

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28
Q

Prone

A

Body position where one is lying with the face downward

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29
Q

Supine

A

Body position where one is lying on the back and face is upward

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30
Q

Triple flexion

A

A multi joint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle

31
Q

Triple extension

A

A multi joint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle

32
Q

Static posture

A

A starting point from which an individual moves

33
Q

Multiplanar

A

Occurring in more than one plane of motion

34
Q

Concentric activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length

35
Q

Active force

A

Muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements

36
Q

Isometric activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle

37
Q

Eccentric activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

38
Q

Isolated function

A

A muscles primary function. A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment

39
Q

Eccentric function

A

Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction

40
Q

Integrated function

A

The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement

41
Q

Kinetics

A

Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces

42
Q

Force

A

A push or pull that can create, stop, or change movement. Force=Mass x Acceleration

43
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object or physical body

44
Q

Matter

A

A substance that has mass and takes up space

45
Q

Acceleration

A

The speed of an object

46
Q

Weight

A

The amount of force that gravity has on the body

47
Q

Gravity

A

A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth’s center

48
Q

Lever

A

A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum

49
Q

Torque

A

The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis

50
Q

Tempo

A

The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements

51
Q

Repetition tempo

A

The speed at which each repetition is performed

52
Q

Line of pull

A

The direction in which a muscle is pulled

53
Q

Parallel muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel to that muscle’s longitudinal axis

54
Q

Pennate muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are oriented at an angle to the muscle’s longitudinal axis

55
Q

Origin

A

The relatively stationary attachment site where skeletal muscle attaches begin

56
Q

Insertion

A

The relatively mobile attachment site

57
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

58
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone

59
Q

Muscle belly

A

The mid-region in between the origin and insertion

60
Q

Malalignment

A

The incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements

61
Q

Overactive

A

Referring to a state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruited patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action

62
Q

Underactive

A

Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint action

63
Q

Extrinsic

A

Located from outside yet act on a structure being considered

64
Q

Intrinsic

A

Located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered

65
Q

Intrinsic core stabilizers

A

Deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing he lumbo-pelvic-hip complex

66
Q

Retraction

A

Adduction of the shoulder blades where the shoulder blades move toward the spine

67
Q

Shoulder impingement

A

When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation

68
Q

Pronation of the foot

A

A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

69
Q

Supination of the foot

A

A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

70
Q

Flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of soft tissue, which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion

71
Q

Corrective exercise

A

The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program

72
Q

Neuromuscular efficiency

A

When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion

73
Q

Relative flexibility

A

The human movement system’s way of finding the path of least resistance during movement

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