module b Flashcards

stratigraphy, lakes and bogs, oceans

1
Q

what is sediment?

A

any mineral or organic matter deposited by air, water, or ice

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2
Q

what is strata?

A

sediment that builds up in horizontal layers

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3
Q

horizontal layers over time form a…

A

stratigraphy

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4
Q

what is the law of superposition?

A

layers on the bottom are older than the layers on the top

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5
Q

understanding that older layers are below younger layers is called…

A

time-depth relationship

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6
Q

a change in color, material, or compaction signals…

A

environmental change

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7
Q

oxygen isotope studies tell us…

A

when the weather changes (warmer vs colder)

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8
Q

all glacials and interglacials before the holocene are called…

A

pleistocene

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9
Q

quaternary=

A

pleistocene+holocene

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10
Q

what is a subfossil?

A

dead, organic material that has been preserved in conditions that prevent decay

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11
Q

subfossils are often found in…

A

lakes and bogs

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12
Q

what term refers to the factors that affect subfossil assemblage?

A

taphonomy

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13
Q

material that grew where sediment accumulated is called…

A

autochthonous

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14
Q

material derived from a distance is called….

A

allochthonous

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15
Q

the study of lake sediments for reconstructing past environments is called…

A

palaeolimnology

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16
Q

what does ombrotrophic mean?

A

cloud-fed

17
Q

water covers about 70% of the earth. this is called the…

A

hydrosphere

18
Q

some of the earth’s water is bound up in ice. this is called the…

A

cryosphere

19
Q

true or false: the distribution of ocean water across the earth is uneven

A

true

20
Q

what is an el nino?

A

water off of the west coast is warmer than usual

21
Q

what is a la nina?

A

cooler than normal sea surface temperatures

22
Q

ocean circulation is governed by…

A

surface wind patterns

23
Q

is temperature change faster over land or oceans?

A

land

24
Q

the ocean’s what helps regulate daily heat fluctuations?

A

thermal inertia

25
Q

is cold water or warm water more dense/heavy?

A

cold water

26
Q

what are isotopes?

A

a form of a chemical element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

27
Q

what is foraminifera?

A

protozoa that live in mainly marine environments

28
Q
A