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STS Prelim > Module B > Flashcards

Module B Flashcards

1
Q

“What is reality made of?”

A

Miletus/Milesians

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2
Q

Supernatural explanations is unreliable.

A

Miletus/Milesians

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3
Q

Most famous Milesian Philosopher

A

Thales of Miletus (624-546 BC)

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4
Q

Aristotle regards him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition

A

Thales of Miletus

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5
Q

Originating principle of nature was a single material substance:

A

Water

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6
Q

Greek Mathematician

A

Pythagoras

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7
Q

“Truth should not be accepted but be proved”

A

Pythagoras

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8
Q

He believed that eating beans is sinful and he drowned a student for revealing the existence of irrational numbers to the world.

A

Pythagoras

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9
Q

Considered the founder of both science and philosophy science

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

Extensively wrote topics about physics; astronomy, psychology, biology, and chemistry, as well as logic, mathematics, and epistemology.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Promoted systematic observation and thought in biology, physics, law, literature, and ethics.

A

Aristotle

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12
Q

First to articulate the concepts of induction and deduction.

A

Aristotle

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13
Q

Is a key concept in knowledge generation and gives science the ability to predict rather than simply report what is happening.

A

Generalization

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14
Q

Claudius Ptolemaeus

A

Ptolemy

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15
Q

The earth is the center of the universe (the “Ptolemic system” or Geocentric model)

A

Ptolemy

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16
Q

This model teaches that all the planets, including the sun, revolves around the earth.

A

Geocentric model

17
Q

“Essence of a thing is deduced through a process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning.”

A

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

18
Q

Founder of Rationalism

A

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

19
Q

Believes that all science is based on mathematics.

A

Rene Descartes

20
Q

What is the meaning of “cogito, ergo sum”?

A

I think, therefore I am

21
Q

“A true scientist should look to falsify theory with the observation that contradict them.”

A

Karl Popper (1902-1994)

22
Q

Who ruled this 5 statements?
1). It must be guided by natural law
2). It has to be explanatory by reference to natural law
3). It is testable against the empirical world
4). Its conclusions are tentative
5). It is falsifiable

A

U.S. Judge William Overton

23
Q

An empiricist who argued that scientific findings based on observations are true only, in so much as they not yet been proven false.

A

David Hume

24
Q

is a process to construct a reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary representation of the world.

A

Scientific Method

25
Q

A philosophical approach using tools that are skin to those of natural sciences.

A

Scientific Naturalism

26
Q

“A well substantiated statement that EXPLAINS a natural phenomenon.”

A

Theory

27
Q

“A well substantiated statement that DESCRIBES a natural phenomenon.”

A

Law

28
Q

Gives us a mathematical formula to calculate how strong the gravitational pull is between the earth and the object you dropped.

A

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

29
Q

Can explain that the object falls (gravity’s effect) is a consequence of the curvature of four-dimensional space-time.

A

Albert Einstein’s General Relative Theory

30
Q

The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

A

Society

31
Q

“Techne” in English means …

A

art or craft

32
Q

“Logia” in English means …

A

logic or “reason” or “plan”

33
Q

“The branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences.”

A

Technology

34
Q

tools from wood or shard of rock and the discovery of fire

A

Stone Age

35
Q

work with metal

A

Bronze Age

36
Q

work with other kinds of metals

A

Iron Age

37
Q

an advancement of old technology

A

Modern Technology

STS Prelim (2 decks)

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